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Africa
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Artificial Intelligence in Disease Diagnosis via Smartphone Applications
Published in P. Kaliraj, T. Devi, Artificial Intelligence Theory, Models, and Applications, 2021
This paper focuses on medical solutions for doctors about patient’s health using the web and mobile-based applications. Android smartphones with an intelligent app for the early detection of diseases have discussed in this chapter. Patients who have engaged with these channels will manage their disease progress by themselves at different stages accompanying their day-to-day activities. Apps can also provide a simple and effective way to screen patients for high-risk groups. The goal of AI has promoted the keep tracking the patient condition after their hospital treatment. This architecture helps to monitor the patient’s health continuously through communication between the patients and the doctors. AI has allowed creating an automatic profile generation about the person and education modules for their chronic diseases. The mobile app has the option to capture and record the signs and symptoms of the patients, typically in the diseases of anemia, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, carcinogenic liver fluke infection, urinary sepsis, tuberculosis, child health monitoring, acute otitis media, cardiovascular disease, covert hepatic encephalopathy, etc.; an ML algorithm is used in disease diagnosis of heart, diabetes, liver, dengue, hepatitis, and acromegaly. This approach will shift the pathogen screening paradigm worldwide by empowering patients to test themselves from the comfort zone of houses, wherever and whenever they desire.
Extremophilic Microbes and their Extremozymes for Industry and Allied Sectors
Published in Ajar Nath Yadav, Ali Asghar Rastegari, Neelam Yadav, Microbiomes of Extreme Environments, 2021
Hiran Kanti Santra, Debdulal Banerjee
Production of Lactulose: β-D-galactosidases produce heterooligosaccharides (HOSs) by transferring the galactosyl moiety to another sugar (other-than lactose, glucose or galactose). 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranose (commonly known as lactulose) is used in the food industry as prebiotics, in medicine as the treatment of constipation, hepatic encephalopathy. A large amount of oligosaccharides could be obtained by the activity of β-D-galactosidase (Pawlak-Szukalska et al. 2014). One such example includes the synthesis of heterooligosaccharides like lactulose (i.e., galactosylfructose), galactosyl-xylose and galactosyl-arabinose from lactose and the appropriate monosaccharide.
Bioartificial organs
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
Liver failure causes a variety of life-threatening abnormalities, including the accumulation of ammonia or bilirubin in the plasma and decreased levels of albumin and clotting factors. There is also a buildup of toxins and overactivity of the hormonal systems that are believed to lead to a condition known as hepatic encephalopathy that can cause irreversible brain damage, coma, and death.
Synthesis and crystal structures of cobalt(III), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes derived from 4-methoxy-N′-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide with urease inhibitory activity
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Huiyuan Yu, Sihan Guo, Jun-Yan Cheng, Guifa Jiang, Zhiwen Li, Wenqi Zhai, Ang Li, Yumin Jiang, Zhonglu You
Urease (EC 3.5.1.5; urea amidohydrolase) is a binuclear nickel-dependent hydrolase enzyme, which occurs widely in animals and soil [1–3]. Urease enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide in high efficiency [4], with the rate of catalyzed reaction 1014 times higher than the noncatalyzed reaction [5]. The enzyme possesses harmful effects on both human health and fertile soil. Bacterial urease is a virulent factor including the formation of infection stones, pyelonephritis, peptic ulceration, hepatic encephalopathy, and other diseases [6–8]. High urease activity in soil leads to increased ammonia toxicity in the air and economic problems [9–11]. All these negative effects oblige us to explore effective urease inhibitors. Our research group has pioneered the study of Schiff base and their complexes as urease inhibitors [12–16]. In our previous report, we have identified some copper(II) complexes with Schiff bases or hydrazones as a promising type of lead structures as urease inhibitors [17–20]. Hydrazones have been reported as effective antibacterial agents [21–23] and show interesting urease inhibitory activity [24, 25]. Metal complexes have proved to possess significant inhibitory activities on various enzymes [26, 27]. As part of our ongoing research on urease inhibition with metal complexes, some hydrazones and their CoIII, CuII, NiII, and ZnII complexes are presented here.