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Bioartificial organs
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
There are principally two types of liver failure: cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure. Cirrhosis of the liver accounts for over half of the deaths due to liver disease. In cirrhosis, fibrotic tissue forms in place of the damaged liver tissue severely compromising the liver’s ability to regenerate. Common causes of cirrhosis include alcoholism and chronic hepatitis. Fulminant hepatic failure is a rapidly progressing failure of the liver that can lead to death within several weeks of onset. It can be caused by chemical and viral hepatitis.
A Comparative Review of the Role of Deep Learning in Medical Image Processing
Published in R. Sujatha, S. L. Aarthy, R. Vettriselvan, Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms to Overcome Challenges in Big Data Analytics, 2021
Erapaneni Gayatri, S. L. Aarthy
In the human body, the liver is an important organ that digests food and converts it into energy. The liver is located in the upper right part of the stomach and it is a football-sized organ. There are many liver diseases, including hepatitis, fatty liver disease, autoimmune conditions, genetic conditions, cancer, cirrhosis, and liver failure. The diagnosis methods of liver diseases are the liver function test, a complete blood count test, a CT Scan, an MRI for liver damage, and a liver biopsy for diagnosing cancer.
Liver and biliary system, pancreas and spleen
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Ultrasound is a useful first-line imaging modality and can differentiate cystic and solid lesions. Doppler ultrasound is very useful for the demonstration of hepatic vessels. Ultrasound is also used to guide needle biopsy, for focal lesions and in the investigation of diffuse liver disease.
Investigation of movement-related behaviors and energy compensation in people living with liver disease: A scoping review
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2022
Carminda Goersch Lamboglia, Ashley P. Mccurdy, Yeong-Bae Kim, Cliff Lindeman, Amie J. Mangan, Allison Sivak, Diana Mager, John C. Spence
The liver is one of the largest human organs and it is essential for digesting food and removing toxic substances from the body. Liver damage can be caused by genetic factors (e.g., Wilson’s disease), viral infection (e.g., Hepatitis), alcohol abuse or excessive liver fat (e.g., Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]). Repeated damage over time can lead to scarring (cirrhosis) and liver failure (Canadian Liver Foundation, 2013). The most common liver disease (i.e., NAFLD) has a global prevalence rate of 25% (Cotter & Rinella, 2020) and approximately two million people die annually due to a damaged liver condition (Asrani et al., 2019; Younossi & Henry, 2016). Despite posing a considerable challenge for public health (Younossi, 2019), liver disease tends to be disregarded in comparison to other chronic diseases (Marcellin & Kutala, 2018). Individuals with chronic liver disease face physical deconditioning, sarcopenia, physical frailty, and impaired muscle health resulting in functional deterioration during advanced stages and increased risk of mortality (Duarte‐Rojo et al., 2018; Lai et al., 2014; Montano-Loza, 2014; Tandon et al., 2016).
Online domain adaptation for continuous cross-subject liver viability evaluation based on irregular thermal data
Published in IISE Transactions, 2021
In this article, we focus on liver disease. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, there were 4,500,000 adults who were diagnosed with liver disease in 2018 (CDC, 2020). An early diagnosis and treatment of liver disease can be a challenge (Badebarin et al., 2017), and many patients eventually suffer from end-stage liver disease. For end-stage liver disease, which accounted for 41,743 deaths in the US in 2017, liver transplantation has proven to be the most effective method to extend a patient’s life (Lan et al., 2018; CDC, 2020). However, after a liver is harvested from a donor, it needs to wait for a matching recipient and be transported to that recipient. A major issue is that recipients usually have to wait on a waiting-list for weeks and even months. One way to mitigate this issue is to enable transportation of the liver from distant centers. During the transportation, the liver is usually kept in a cold box with circulating perfusion fluid for hours to reduce the decrease in functionality (Cameron and Cornejo, 2015; Lan et al., 2018). Before transplantation, pathologists need to evaluate the liver’s viability and make sure it is safe for transplantation. Currently, there are two main approaches that are used to evaluate a liver’s viability: visual inspection and biopsy examination (Keeffe, 2001; Lan et al., 2015). However, visual inspection and biopsy examination suffer from being subjective and invasive, respectively (Lan et al., 2015).
Medical infrared thermal image based fatty liver classification using machine and deep learning
Published in Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, 2023
Liver function tests are used to help diagnose and monitor liver disease or damage. In addition, medical imaging and rarely liver biopsy is performed during the evaluation process. Imaging approaches like ultrasonography (US), transient elastography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are currently being employed in the clinical routine, however, liver biopsy is still perceived as the golden standard to assess progression in the disease [4]. After the biopsy, patients may encounter complications like bleeding, infection and puncture in biliary tract along with temporary pain. Early diagnosis of NAFLD can be ensured by regular follow-up of a patient, however, applying an invasive method like biopsy many times may cause other health risks.