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Advanced Topics in Gold Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applications
Published in Jay L. Nadeau, Introduction to Experimental Biophysics, 2017
Hyperthermia therapy is a minimally invasive treatment in which the temperature is increased locally (up to 44°C) to kill malignant cells. Methods to locally heat the tumor region include high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), microwave heating, magnetic hyperthermia, and photothermal therapy. In photothermal therapy, a light source (usually IR) is used to deliver heat to the tumor. Such approaches are difficult to target, but delivery of nanomedicines to the tumor could improve the local heating profile. Most studies have looked at gold nanoparticles and nanorods for this purpose, because exposure of Au nanoparticles to IR light causes a local temperature increase due to surface plasmon resonance. By modifying the size and shape of these nanoparticles, the resonance peak can be tuned to different wavelengths in the IR (Figure 13.2).
Hyperthermia therapy
Published in Riadh Habash, BioElectroMagnetics, 2020
The clinical exploitation of hyperthermia was and is still hampered by various challenges including the high degree of interdependency between physiology and biology, technical and clinical limitations, and standardization. The effectiveness of hyperthermia therapy can be significantly increased by combining hyperthermia with other cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
A review on magnetic polymeric nanocomposite materials: Emerging applications in biomedical field
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Several research groups have added considerable findings in effective magnetic hyperthermia therapy and clinical trials are under investigation for malignant glioma, prostatic cancer, oral cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, esophageal cancer, etc.[244] An innovative undergoing clinical trial is Magnablate (magnetic nanoparticle thermoablation) which was approved in 2013 in the United Kingdom. The study aims to evaluate the retention and maintenance of magnetic nanoparticles in the prostate.[179] Another clinical trial under investigation as a phase II study is NanoTherm (MagForce Nanotechnologies GmbH, Berlin). It studies the possibility to treat brain tumors by introducing magnetic nanoparticles (based on an iron oxide core with an amino silane coating) directly into a tumor as a monotherapy or in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and a magnetic field activator (NanoActivator) that changes its polarity up to 100,000 times per second, generating heat. It has already been applied in 90 patients with brain tumors and about 80 patients with other tumors such as pancreatic, prostate, or esophageal cancer, showing promising results.[245]
Recent advance in functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles with stimuli-responsive polymer brush for controlled drug delivery
Published in Soft Materials, 2022
Hyperthermia therapy is the treatment of the body tissue by exposing it to a high temperature. Varying temperature in order to stimulate release of drugs loaded into MSN systems is another commonly used method for delivery of anticancer drugs. Since MSNs are inorganic materials that are not highly affected by temperature changes, temperature-sensitive polymeric chains are tethered to their surface in order to regulate their swelling/deswelling properties. For circulation in the body, the delivery systems of thermosensitive polymer-grafted MSNs basically become inactive at the physiological temperature (37°C) and active at tumor sites, which are usually ~4 to 5 degrees hotter than normal tissues.[57]
Numerical analysis of local non-equilibrium heat transfer in layered spherical tissue during magnetic hyperthermia
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
As stated in (Salloum et al., 2008; Chiriac et al., 2015), the temperature within the tumor between 42 °C and 46 °C can ablate the tumor without damaging surrounding healthy tissues during hyperthermia therapy. It implies that the therapeutic temperature plays a very important role in hyperthermia treatment. The power dissipation of magnetic particles is one of main factors to affect the temperature within tumor for hyperthermia treatment. Therefore, the critical power dissipation of magnetic particles, which can increase the tumor temperature without exceeding the maximum temperature defined for treatment, is explored. For and that the temperature achieves 42 °C after 150 s of excitation at r/R = 1, the value of q0 is estimated as q0 = 7.41215 × 106 W/m3 with r0/R = 0.7. Figure 5 presents the temperature variation and the estimation of thermal damage at various locations. Due to Gaussian distribution, the concentration of magnetic particles around the center r/R = 0 is relatively thick, so there is a higher temperature and the thermal efficacy of tumor damage is obvious. The estimation of thermal damage illustrates a longer exposure time is required for completely ablating tumor, although the temperature of the tumor has exceeded 42 °C after 150 s of heating. Correspondingly, for the value of q0 is estimated as q0 = 1.21387 × 107 W/m3. This required power dissipation is greater than 7.41215 × 106 W/m3, which is for due to the cooling function of the blood. Figure 6(a) shows the difference of the temperature at the center r/R = 0 with the temperatures at r/R = 0.7 and r/R = 1.0 is enlarged. The thermal efficacy of tumor damage is more obvious at the center r/R = 0, as presented in Figure 6(b).