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Applications
Published in Raj P. Chhabra, CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering Second Edition, 2017
Joshua D. Ramsey, Ken Bell, Ramesh K. Shah, Bengt Sundén, Zan Wu, Clement Kleinstreuer, Zelin Xu, D. Ian Wilson, Graham T. Polley, John A. Pearce, Kenneth R. Diller, Jonathan W. Valvano, David W. Yarbrough, Moncef Krarti, John Zhai, Jan Kośny, Christian K. Bach, Ian H. Bell, Craig R. Bradshaw, Eckhard A. Groll, Abhinav Krishna, Orkan Kurtulus, Margaret M. Mathison, Bryce Shaffer, Bin Yang, Xinye Zhang, Davide Ziviani, Robert F. Boehm, Anthony F. Mills, Santanu Bandyopadhyay, Shankar Narasimhan, Donald L. Fenton, Raj M. Manglik, Sameer Khandekar, Mario F. Trujillo, Rolf D. Reitz, Milind A. Jog, Prabhat Kumar, K.P. Sandeep, Sanjiv Sinha, Krishna Valavala, Jun Ma, Pradeep Lall, Harold R. Jacobs, Mangesh Chaudhari, Amit Agrawal, Robert J. Moffat, Tadhg O’Donovan, Jungho Kim, S.A. Sherif, Alan T. McDonald, Arturo Pacheco-Vega, Gerardo Diaz, Mihir Sen, K.T. Yang, Martine Rueff, Evelyne Mauret, Pawel Wawrzyniak, Ireneusz Zbicinski, Mariia Sobulska, P.S. Ghoshdastidar, Naveen Tiwari, Rajappa Tadepalli, Raj Ganesh S. Pala, Desh Bandhu Singh, G. N. Tiwari
Human thermoregulation mechanisms can be divided into two main categories: autonomic and behavioral.38 Autonomic thermoregulation is controlled primarily by the hypothalamus, whereas behavioral thermoregulation is controlled consciously by humans and includes active movement and adjustment of clothing. Behavioral thermoregulation is associated with conscious temperature sensation as well as with thermal comfort or discomfort. Some engineered systems are designed to interact with the body to enhance its ability to maintain thermoregulation in harsh or hazardous environments. Examples range from the common HVAC systems encountered in buildings and vehicles to sophisticated garments worn during certain military and space missions.
Analysis of newborn thermal comfort in a textile incubator
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Zbigniew Mikołajczyk, Agnieszka Szałek
The purpose of the research was to develop the construction and build a prototype of a textile incubator, whose most important function is to keep the baby warm, with the possibility of cooling it during therapeutic hypothermia. The incubator model was built in three variants of material packages, and each of them consisted of five material layers. An innovative solution is using for the external thermal insulation layer a composite connecting a knitted fabric with aerogel, which is characterized by high thermal resistance. The total thermal conductivity resistance for the developed material packages of the incubator was measured using a thermally insulated sweating hot plate known as the ‘skin model’. The obtained values of thermal resistance coefficient Rct are within 2.07–2.83 clo, and in case of the package with an additional insulation layer Rct = 3.68 clo. In the course of the experiments, it was found that the best insulating properties are observed for the second variant with Rct = 2.83 clo, where the outer layer was made a 3D spacer warp-knitted fabric filled with granulated aerogel.It turned out that when the infant was placed in a textile incubator without a functional heating and cooling mat its heat balance for the adopted ambient temperatures from −5 to 24 °C was negative and ranged from −0.04 up to −50.50 W. In cases of positive heat balance, especially for all ambient temperatures, which took place for the second package where ΔQ = 0.10 ÷ 6.51 W, there is a risk of overheating the baby, although when the excess heat values are relatively low the newborn’s thermoregulation mechanism may lead to thermal equilibrium.The analysis of the heat balance components shows that convection and radiation have the greatest impact on the total heat loss, as on average they constitute 85.6% of the heat lost by a baby in a textile incubator. Another important component of heat losses is water vapor diffusion, while heat lost by sensible breathing for infants weighing 0.5–4 kg does not exceed 1 W.The innovative textile incubator designed for the care of newborns meets the requirements of the medical community. The materials used to construct the incubator possess good insulation properties, while the heating function ensures the right amount of heat, and at the same time the possibility of receiving the heat from the baby during therapeutic hypothermia. Due to the good insulating properties of the materials used for the layers of the incubator, it can be successfully used to care for babies in hospital conditions and during transport.