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Thermal Physiology and Thermoregulation
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Increased core temperature or heatstroke, is common among those who work in hot, humid environments. Exposure to “wet-bulb” temperatures exceeding 35°C (95°F) for prolonged periods may be fatal even in the shade and with forced-air convection. A wet-bulb thermometer measures the ambient temperature minus the heat loss from water evaporation. Hyperthermia results when the body's core temperature rises above 40°C (104°F). If this temperature continues to rise and exceeds 42°C (107.6°F), cellular damage occurs.6 This manifests as progressive organ and neuronal dysfunction, eventually causing multi-organ failure.7 Active cooling is paramount for averting death in this situation.
Hyperthermia therapy
Published in Riadh Habash, BioElectroMagnetics, 2020
The majority of the hyperthermia treatments are applied using external devices, employing energy transfer to tissues by EM technologies [85]. Clinical hyperthermia can be divided into three almost separate domains: local hyperthermia (including superficial local and interstitial local hyperthermia), WBH, and regional hyperthermia.
Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Generally, hyperthermia is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. The therapeutic role of hyperthermia is often misinterpreted, since hyperthermia is often met either as a relaxing event in hot spring baths or as a non-medical treatment with doubtful beneficial results in pain and discomfort situations due to increased blood circulation.
Time reversal mirror for hyperthermia of multi-focal breast tumors using electromagnetic time reversal technique
Published in Electromagnetics, 2022
Baidenger Agyekum Twumasi, Jia-Lin Li, Ebenezer Tawiah Ashong, Christian Dzah, Dustin Pomary
Hyperthermia is the technique of raising the temperature of cancerous cells within the temperature range of 41–45 degrees Celsius and maintaining such temperatures for some time for therapeutic effect while maintaining normal temperatures in healthy tissues (Kim et al. 2019; Nguyen, Abbosh, and Crozier 2017). Cancer treatment therapies such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy has been successfully applied in the treatment of cancer for the past years. With the increasing research on microwave hyperthermia and the benefits of microwave hyperthermia being a stand-alone or used as an adjunct treatment of cancer with radiotherapy or chemotherapy resulting in improved outcomes, it has been found as an adjunct therapy with conventional cancer treatment therapies (Singh 2018). Based on this interest and benefits of microwave hyperthermia, much efforts continue to be expounded on the research on the application of microwave hyperthermia for breast cancer therapy including this contribution.
Exertional heat stroke in an amateur runner – Challenges in diagnostics and the role of unhealthy competition
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020
Joanna Marlega, Agnieszka Mickiewicz, Jadwiga Fijalkowska, Marcin Gruchala, Marcin Fijalkowski
The main diagnostic criterion for EHS is an elevated core body temperature above 40°C, accompanied by central nervous dysfunction. Sweating can be active in approximately half of EHS’ cases; therefore, it is important to measure the body temperature rectally. Although the most common symptoms are unspecific neurological symptoms (e.g., headache, disorientation, convulsions, collapse, altered consciousness, coma), a wide variety of manifestations can be observed, amplifying the diagnostic difficulty of EHS. Early signs and symptoms of EHS may include tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dizziness, muscle cramps, fatigue, and hyperventilation. Blood translocation from systemic circulation to the muscles and skin can lead to shock in the acute phase of EHS. Sustained hyperthermia can result in tissue damage and multiorgan failure, worsening the clinical prognosis.
A novel local thermal non-equilibrium model for biological tissue applied to multiple-antennas configurations for thermal ablation
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2020
Assunta Andreozzi, Luca Brunese, Marcello Iasiello, Claudio Tucci, Giuseppe Peter Vanoli
Induced hyperthermia is the generation of temperature gradients in the human body, that is useful to treat some diseases [1, 2]. Some examples of this can be thermal ablation for tumor treatments, in which radiofrequencies or microwave ablation is used for cancer cell necrosis [3–6]. Another example is radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation treatment [7–10]. With this, temperature gradients are applied to the myocardium in order to avoid electric conduction pathways that cause arrhythmia. Other examples are laser angioplasty [11–14], in which heat is used to reduce atherosclerotic plaques, or intravenous laser treatment [15, 16], in which heat is applied to treat great saphenous vein reflux.