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Insulation
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy, Guide to Energy Management, 2020
Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy
The concept of thermal equilibrium is important in many types of calculations including the checking of surface temperature assumptions demonstrated earlier. Thermal equilibrium simply says that the total heat flow through a system is equal to the heat flow through any part of the system. For example, a system as shown in Figure 13-3 consists of a wall, two layers of insulation, and an outside surface film.
Insulation
Published in Barney L. Capehart, William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner, Guide to Energy Management, 2020
Barney L. Capehart, William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner
The concept of thermal equilibrium is important in many types of calculations including the checking of surface temperature assumptions demonstrated earlier. Thermal equilibrium simply says that the total heat flow through a system is equal to the heat flow through any part of the system. For example, a system as shown in Figure 13-3 consists of a wall, two layers of insulation, and an outside surface film.
Energy, Environment, and Renewable Energy
Published in Radian Belu, Fundamentals and Source Characteristics of Renewable Energy Systems, 2019
Thermal energy of a gas results from the kinetic energy of the microscopic movement of molecules. Temperature is a characteristic of a body thermal energy, due to the internal motion of molecules. Two systems in thermal contact are in thermal equilibrium if they have the same temperature. In general, if the phase change (e.g., from solid to liquid) is not involved, the temperature of any material increases as it absorbs heat. The heat required to rise the system temperature, with specific heat, c, by an amount ΔT is expressed as: () ΔQ=mcΔT
Performance of scientific law-inspired optimization algorithms for constrained engineering applications
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2022
Bansi D. Raja, Vivek K. Patel, Ali Riza Yildiz, Prakash Kotecha
Patel and Savsani (2015) proposed a heat transfer search (HTS) algorithm. The HTS algorithm is inspired by the natural phenomenon of thermal equilibrium between a system and its surroundings. Any system establishes thermal equilibrium with its surroundings through heat transfer in the form of conduction, convection and radiation. Likewise, the HTS algorithm is executed in three phases, which balance exploration and exploitation during the optimization.