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Nanotechnology-Derived Orthopedic Implant Sensors
Published in Iniewski Krzysztof, Integrated Microsystems, 2017
Sirinrath Sirivisoot, Thomas J. Webster
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are located in bone, a natural nanostructured-mineralized organic matrix. While osteoblasts make bone, osteoclasts decompose bone by releasing acid that degrades calcium phosphate-based apatite minerals into an aqueous environment. The synthesis, deposition, and mineralization of this organic matrix, in which osteoblasts proliferate and mineralize (i.e., deposit calcium), require the ordered expression of a number of osteoblast genes. Bone has the ability to self-repair or remodel routinely. However, osteoporosis (unbalanced bone remodeling) and other joint diseases (such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic arthritis) can lead to bone fractures. These disabilities associated with bone all lead to difficulties in performing common activities and may require an orthopedic implant. However, the average functional lifetime of, for example, a hip implant (usually composed of titanium) is only 10–15 years. A lack of fixation into surrounding bone eventually loosens the implant and is the most common cause of hip replacement failure.
In Situ Nanotechnology-Derived Sensors for Ensuring Implant Success
Published in Šeila Selimovic, Nanopatterning and Nanoscale Devices for Biological Applications, 2017
Sirinrath Sirivisoot, Thomas J. Webster
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are located in bone, a natural nanostructured mineralized organic matrix. While osteoblasts make bone, osteoclasts decompose bone by releasing acid that degrades calcium (Ca) phosphate–based apatite minerals in an aqueous environment. The synthesis, deposition, and mineralization of this organic matrix, in which osteoblasts proliferate and mineralize (that is, deposit Ca), require the ordered expression of a number of osteoblast genes. Bone has the ability to self-repair or remodel routinely. However, osteoporosis (unbalanced bone remodeling) and other joint diseases (such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and traumatic arthritis) can lead to bone fractures. These bone-associated disabilities lead to difficulties in performing common activities and may require an orthopedic implant. However, the average functional lifetime of, for example, a hip implant (usually composed of titanium [Ti]) is only 10–15 years. A lack of fixation into the surrounding bone eventually loosens the implant and is the most common cause of hip replacement failure.
Metal Oxide Nanoarchitectures for Biotemplating Application
Published in Vladimir Torchilin, Mansoor M Amiji, Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine, 2011
Ketul C. Popat, Tejal A. Desai
Total joint replacement is an effective treatment for relieving pain and restoring function for patients with damaged or degenerative joints. Approximately 500,000 total hip and knee replacements are performed each year in the United States. These numbers will increase as the population continues to age and as the indications for joint arthroplasty extend to younger patients.21 Although many of the outcomes are successful, there are still significant problems with implant loosening and failure. In fact, 25% of hip replacement surgeries were revisions due to previous implant failure.22 Surgery to replace these failures is more difficult and costly to perform and has a poorer outcome than the original joint replacement surgery. A more robust implant, one that promotes osseointegration, would have significant implications for young patients who would otherwise need many revision surgeries throughout their lives. In addition, there are many clinical cases where patients have diminished osteoblast function and the engineering of implant surfaces to enhance osseointegration may have a considerable benefit. For example, in patients being treated with corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis as well as patients undergoing revision total joint arthroplasty, bone ingrowth is deficient and the bioengineering of surfaces could be quite advantageous.
Static, dynamic, and fatigue life investigation of a hip prosthesis for walking gait using finite element analysis
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2023
Jonathan Reginald, Kalayarasan M, Chethan K N, Dhanabal P
Total hip arthroplasty is the process of replacing the damaged hip joint through a surgical method. The hip is replaced with a prosthetic hip which is made with biocompatible materials [9–11]. Generally, the prosthetic hip joint is placed between the femur bone and the pelvic bone which is a ball and socket joint. As a conventional approach, hip implants often use modular interlocking components, with a cylindrical taper trunnion coupling between the modular head and neck of the stem [11,12]. The major concern about hip replacement is about the life expectancy which is about only 10–15 years depending upon the weight and the activities carried out by the patient. Due to the continuous gait cycle, there is constant rubbing that takes place at the interface of the components of the implant. Necrosis is a serious issue which has been found to occur due to the wear debris production mixing with the bloodstream, causing inflammation in that area and damaging the tissues [13,14].