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Thin Films for Biomedical Applications
Published in Fredrick Madaraka Mwema, Tien-Chien Jen, Lin Zhu, Thin Film Coatings, 2022
Fredrick Madaraka Mwema, Tien-Chien Jen, Lin Zhu
The number of hip replacements has increased considerably over the past couple of years and is expected to continue rising due to increasing cases of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and injuries [34]. The hip replacement procedure is carried out by a surgeon, who will replace the patient’s diseased, worn out, or damaged joints. This replacement can be a full or a partial replacement, called hip arthroplasty. A full hip replacement will involve the replacement of the hip socket (acetabulum) and the femoral head, while a partial hip replacement procedure only involves the replacement of the femoral head. In this operation, the artificial joint is called a prosthesis and is usually made up of a bulk material coated with thin films. The replacement ensures the hip operates normally and eases the patient’s pain from the broken, ill, or wounded hip.
Nanotechnology-Derived Orthopedic Implant Sensors
Published in Iniewski Krzysztof, Integrated Microsystems, 2017
Sirinrath Sirivisoot, Thomas J. Webster
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are located in bone, a natural nanostructured-mineralized organic matrix. While osteoblasts make bone, osteoclasts decompose bone by releasing acid that degrades calcium phosphate-based apatite minerals into an aqueous environment. The synthesis, deposition, and mineralization of this organic matrix, in which osteoblasts proliferate and mineralize (i.e., deposit calcium), require the ordered expression of a number of osteoblast genes. Bone has the ability to self-repair or remodel routinely. However, osteoporosis (unbalanced bone remodeling) and other joint diseases (such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic arthritis) can lead to bone fractures. These disabilities associated with bone all lead to difficulties in performing common activities and may require an orthopedic implant. However, the average functional lifetime of, for example, a hip implant (usually composed of titanium) is only 10–15 years. A lack of fixation into surrounding bone eventually loosens the implant and is the most common cause of hip replacement failure.
Case Studies
Published in Elizabeth Berry, A Practical Approach to Medical Image Processing, 2007
In a conventional hip replacement operation, the head of the femur is removed and replaced with a prosthesis. The hip replacement consists of a metal ball that is attached to a shaft, which is fixed inside the femur. Over time, wear to the prosthesis means that it may become loose, and many need replacement after 10 or more years. X-ray imaging is the modality used to check the integrity of the hip replacement. The main area of interest is the border between the prosthesis and bone, where signs of bone deterioration or bone loss indicate loosening of the prosthesis in the femur. It is typical for the sharpness of the image to be enhanced before the image is assessed, and in this activity the effects of the unsharp mask filter (Chapter 3) are demonstrated.
Static, dynamic, and fatigue life investigation of a hip prosthesis for walking gait using finite element analysis
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2023
Jonathan Reginald, Kalayarasan M, Chethan K N, Dhanabal P
Total hip arthroplasty is the process of replacing the damaged hip joint through a surgical method. The hip is replaced with a prosthetic hip which is made with biocompatible materials [9–11]. Generally, the prosthetic hip joint is placed between the femur bone and the pelvic bone which is a ball and socket joint. As a conventional approach, hip implants often use modular interlocking components, with a cylindrical taper trunnion coupling between the modular head and neck of the stem [11,12]. The major concern about hip replacement is about the life expectancy which is about only 10–15 years depending upon the weight and the activities carried out by the patient. Due to the continuous gait cycle, there is constant rubbing that takes place at the interface of the components of the implant. Necrosis is a serious issue which has been found to occur due to the wear debris production mixing with the bloodstream, causing inflammation in that area and damaging the tissues [13,14].
Static structural analysis of the effect of change in femoral head sizes used in Total Hip Arthroplasty using finite element method
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Aniket Kunal Bhawe, Kavish Maulik Shah, Samridhi Somani, Satish Shenoy B, Shyamasunder Bhat N, Mohammad Zuber, Chethan K N
In today’s world, a lot of work has been done in the field of total hip arthroplasty for both in-vitro and in-vivo implants. There are several designs available from these studies that have improved the development of implants, both modular as well as non-modular designs. In a modular design, the neck is not directly connected to the stem. It is connected to the stem with the help of a coupling, hence allowing a wider range of modifications according to the requirements. Whereas in a non-modular design, the neck is directly connected to the stem, hence acting as one unit (Affatato, 2014a). The most commonly used materials for Hip Implants are titanium alloys, stainless steel, Cobalt-chromium alloys, high-strength alloys, ceramics, and polymers. Nowadays, various techniques are implemented to deduce a combination of these materials, thus, providing the best output, and enhanced life of the implant (Affatato, 2014b). Other studies showed that titanium alloys, Cobalt chromium alloys have better material characteristics than, stainless steel, etc. Thus, for the current study, circular stem design (Chethan, Zuber et al., 2019; K.N Chethan et al., 2020) with a material combination of Ti-6Al-4 V, CoCr and UHMWPE was considered (Colic et al., 2016; Desai et al., 2015; Saikko et al., 1993). To determine the mesh size, a separate set of trial analyses was conducted. The main focus of this trial analysis was to determine the variation of the parameters with a primary focus on the variation of stress. The mesh size was then selected when the variation of stress was minimal with respect to its corresponding mesh size. The values of the coefficient of friction of the different contact surfaces were then documented (Duong et al., 2010; Huang et al., 1999; Saldívar-García & López, 2005).
Selection methodology of femoral stems under fatigue loading conditions
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Iván López, Julián Echeverry-Mejía, Juan Guillermo Ortiz, Mario Juha
The main outcome in the results of hip joint replacements occurs when the surgeon makes the decision of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision, according to the literature the main causes of the failure of these replacements are biomechanical causes, specifically the failure of the components with or without dislocation and in the long term metallosis. Therefore, there is still the need for understanding and improving the prosthetic designs that minimize the causes of failure, and in the future extends the success of joint replacements (Kelmer et al. 2021).