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Environmental Conditions and Patient Preparation
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Sitting Position. The head, neck, arms, chest, spine, quadriceps, lower legs, and dorsum of the feet are suitable targets for infrared imaging after sitting equilibration. If the back is to be imaged, sitting equilibration should be done on a stool. Leaning on a chair back will produce posterior thermal artifacts, and a chair with arms will affect the forearm ulnar appearance. The patient's arms should be held away from the trunk so as not to warm the flanks. If the feet are placed flat on an insulated surface, muscle tension in the tibialis anterior and calf muscles is minimized, allowing better evaluation of anterior leg and knee conditions. The posterior muscles of the neck remain under tension similar to standing, however.
Allometric Scaling Hip Joint Moments Optimally Reduces Anthropometric Differences in Males and Females
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2023
Bret Freemyer, Samantha Andrews, Christopher Stickley
Participants were asked to report to the laboratory in their regular physical activity clothing and non-standardised personal running shoes. All participants provided informed consent prior to study initiation as required by the University’s Human Studies Program. Anthropometric data were collected with a wall-mounted stadiometer (Seca Telescopic Stadiometer, Gays Mills, WI, USA) for height and a DETECTO Certifier calibrated scale (Detecto Inc., Webb City, MO, USA) to measure body mass. Reflective markers were placed on bony landmarks (single markers at C7, T10, inferior angle of scapula, superior notch of the sternum and xiphoid process and bilateral markers: calcaneus, head and base of the fifth metatarsal, head of the second metatarsal, head of the first metatarsal, dorsum of the foot, lateral and medial malleoli, lateral and medial epicondyles of the knee, anterior superior iliac spines, posterior superior iliac spines and acromioclavicular joint) and four rigid array plates (each with four tracking markers) were affixed to the lateral thigh and shanks of both limbs.
Contribution of segmental kinetic energy to forward propulsion of the centre of mass: Analysis of sprint acceleration
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2022
Jean Slawinski, Nicolas Houel, Camille Moreau, Alexia Mahlig, Daniel Dinu
During the sprints, participants wore a MVN Biomech suit (Xsens Technologies BV, Enschede, The Netherlands) onto which 17 miniature inertial measurement units were strapped (nanotechnology inertial measurement units, nIMU). Each nIMU contains three gyroscopes, three accelerometers and three magnetometers in a 35-g box about the size of a matchbox. This system was validated in running (Reenalda et al., 2016) and for high speed movement (Blair et al., 2018). Each nIMU captures the 6-degrees-of-freedom of the segment on which it is fixed, in real time at a sampling frequency of 240 Hz. Sensors were placed following the manufacturers recommendations; feet (dorsum), shanks (medial surface of the tibias), thighs (lateral surface, above the knees), pelvis (middle of both the posterior superior iliac spines), shoulders (middle of the scapula spine), upper arms (lateral, above the elbow), forearms (lateral side of wrist), hands (dorsum), sternum and the back of the head. A static (N-pose) and dynamic calibration was carried out for each participant. Sensor to segment orientations were then determined using regression equations (Blair et al., 2018; Roetenberg et al., 2013). Care was taken to ensure there were no materials that could provoke magnetic disturbances in the testing environment.
Shoes with elastic upper vs. shoes with a round toe box for perceived comfort and interdigital forefoot pressure in patients with hallux valgus deformity
Published in Footwear Science, 2022
Hassan Saeedi, Fatemeh Azadinia, Maryam Jalali, Batoul Bagheripour, Paniz Ronasi, Farhoud Saeid Ershadi
Life without shoes is inconceivable in modern society. Shoes not only are a clothing item, but also play an important role in the identity and body image of the wearer (Riello & McNeil, 2011). Shoes can become a serious source of pain and cause foot disorders and endanger foot health when are used as a protective covering for the feet (Branthwaite & Chockalingam, 2019; de Castro et al., 2010; Menz et al., 2016). Indeed, shoe-related foot disorders account for a significant proportion of foot problems (Nixon et al., 2006; Schwarzkopf et al., 2011). The shape and volume of the shoe toe box are of the most important characteristics of shoes that can impose detrimental effects on foot health (de Castro et al., 2010; McRitchie et al., 2018). Perhaps this is why most foot pain from ill-fitting shoes has been reported in the forefoot and digital areas (de Castro et al., 2010). The incidence of these forefoot pain and other such pathologies are often accompanied by compression of the toes and pressure applied to the bony prominences such as the medial aspect of the first metatarsal head, the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal and the dorsum of the 2nd–4th toes as a result of wearing shoes with restricted toe box (Menz & Morris, 2005).