China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
X-Ray Computed Tomography and Nanomaterials as Contrast Agents for Tumor Diagnosis
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
R. G. Aswathy, D. Sakthi Kumar
Currently used X-ray contrasting agents for clinical applications are based on small hydrophilic iodinated molecules, which are considered as safe at low dosage and are effective. Apart from these advantages, these contrast agents (iodinated molecules) possess a few drawbacks, such as complex synthetic and processing procedure, vascular permeation, rapid clearance from kidney, kidney associated toxicity, and low specificity [22–24]. As an alternative to traditional X-ray iodinated contrast agents, nano-engineered inorganic nanomaterials-based contrast agents have been developed. The inorganic NPs comprise heavy atoms, exhibit strong X-ray radiation absorption, and increase imaging contrast in CT by several folds even at low X-ray doses. The exposure time of X-ray can be drastically reduced, thus minimizing the risks associated with highly ionizing radiations. The simple synthetic techniques and the possibility of the modification of reactions and efficient surface modification, thus tailoring the properties and morphology of NPs, allow them to be used as potential candidates for biological applications. NPs of higher atomic number elements are prospective CT contrast agents to bypass the limitations of iodinated compounds. For example, nanoparticulate Bi2S3, TaOx (. ≈ 1), Au, Pt, NaYbF4, NaGdF4, NaLuF4, etc. were investigated as novel CT contrast agents and exhibited apparent contrast effect in vivo [25–36].
External Beam Therapy Equipment
Published in Kwan Hoong Ng, Ngie Min Ung, Robin Hill, Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics, 2023
Kwan Hoong Ng, Ngie Min Ung, Robin Hill
Treatment of cancers using X-rays is an important modality. Give the range of electron kinetic energies for the following X-ray modalities: Superficial X-ray machineOrthovoltage machineMegavoltage machine
Water Pollutants and Water Pollution
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation similar to x-rays, though more energetic. Since the energy of gamma radiation is often a well-defined property of the emitting nucleus, it may be used in some cases for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of radionuclides.
Detection of COVID-19 Disease in Chest X-Ray Images with capsul networks: application with cloud computing
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2021
Bekir Aksoy, Osamah Khaled Musleh Salman
Usually, blood tests (COVID-19 test) are performed to detect COVID-19 disease. However, the detection of COVID-19 using a blood test requires a long process. Recently, studies on the detection of COVID-19 have been carried out using Computed Tomography (CT) images. CT images are one of the medical imaging methods used to make a cross-sectional image of the desired area using x-rays. For example, lung CT images of COVID-19 patients have been shown to have similar characteristics. Pneumonia develops in the posterior and peripheral parts of the lungs of patients exposed to COVID-19, and findings, such as ground glass opacity and consolidation are observed in CT images of the patient’s lungs (Ayan & Kıraç, 2020; Song et al., 2020). However, it is not always possible to detect COVID-19 from CT images. For example, it is very difficult to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia in CT images. Deep Learning (DL) methods were used to solve this problem (Li et al., 2020).
XCT image reconstruction by a modified superiorized iteration and theoretical analysis
Published in Optimization Methods and Software, 2020
Shousheng Luo, Yanchun Zhang, Tie Zhou, Jinping Song, Yanfei Wang
In this experiment, the projection data are generated by parallel X-ray beams from synchrotron radiation (SR) source. This beam source is generated at beamline BL14W1 XAFS of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), by using NI (National Instrument) LabVIEWs Data logging and Supervisory Control (DSC) module communication with EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). The source of X-rays is a synchrotron, i.e. a beam of electrons accelerated in a storage ring emits a high frequency X-ray radiation when passing through a bending magnets system. The SR X-ray beams have many advantages for XCT: (1) monochromatized beams eliminate beam hardening which induces artefacts in XCT image; (2) it is energy-tunable and has a wide frequency spectrum; (3) it has high spatial resolution.
Integrating DeblurGAN and CNN to improve the accuracy of motion blur X-Ray image classification
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2023
Ming-Chuan Chiu, Chia-Jung Wei
X-rays are widely used in the medical profession to diagnose disorders, most commonly to evaluate fractures and lung diseases. X-ray imaging uses radiation to penetrate the human body. As such, the amount of X-ray radiation data received by an imaging panel will be different due to the varying degrees of radiation absorption amongst different types of human tissues. High-density tissue (such as metal or bone) absorbs a higher amount of radiation, making the imaging panel appear white, while low-density tissue (such as lung air or gastrointestinal space) absorbs less X-ray radiation and causes the panel to appear darker. The resulting images, presented as X-rays, facilitate analyses and are often indispensable for medical diagnosis and treatment.