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The Biological Effects of Power-Frequency Electric Fields in the Environment
Published in Andrew A. Marino, Modern Bioelectricity, 2020
M. G. Shandala, Yu D. Dumanskiy, I. S. Bezdol’naya
Hackman and Graves (115) observed a sharp increase in blood corticos terone in mice exposed to 50 kV/m, which returned to normal within a day. Opposite results were obtained by Free et al. (116) who exposed rats to 100 kV/m for 30 or 120 days. No differences in corticosterone level were observed between experimental and control groups. Gross (117) analyzed catecholamines in the urine and blood of rats exposed to 100 kV/m. Epinephrine increased after 6 hours’ exposure, and the effect persisted for 3 days.
Treatment of acute contrast reactions
Published in William H. Bush, Karl N. Krecke, Bernard F. King, Michael A. Bettmann, Radiology Life Support (Rad-LS), 2017
Epinephrine should be avoided, if possible, when treating a pregnant patient who is displaying a severe contrast reaction and hypotension.64 Because the uterine vessels are sensitive to the alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine, the combination of hypotension plus epinephrine can cause serious sequelae to the fetus. Ephedrine (25–50 mg IV push) is suggested as an alternative medication.64
Evaluation of the carcinogenicity of carbon tetrachloride
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Samuel M. Cohen, Christopher Bevan, Bhaskar Gollapudi, James E. Klaunig
Benign pheochromocytomas were reported in mice exposed to CCl4 in the two-year inhalation study (Nagano et al. 2007a). These tumors were also found to be increased in mice when dosed by oral gavage in the NCI study in which CCl4 was used as a positive control for liver tumors ((1976a) (Weisburger 1977). Benign pheochromocytomas are tumors that originate in chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland medulla and secrete excessive amounts of catecholamines, usually epinephrine or norepinephrine (DeLellis et al. 2004). In the Nagano et al. (2007a) experiment, an elevated incidence of pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland occurred at the two highest exposure levels (25 and 125 ppm) in male mice and at the highest exposure level (125 ppm) in female mice (Table 2); no pheochromocytomas occurred in mice at the lower doses or controls (Table 2). These tumors were seen only in the exposed mice but not rats (Table 1).
Predicting and managing complications following colonoscopy: risk factors and management of advanced interventional endoscopy with a focus on colorectal ESD
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Hiroyuki Takamaru, Rina Goto, Masayoshi Yamada, Taku Sakamoto, Takahisa Matsuda, Yutaka Saito
Making a good cushion in the submucosal layer is one of the most important processes of successful EMR. Injecting solution under the muscular layer may sometimes cause a miserable result. If the submucosal injection was made too deep or under the muscle layer, injection solution pushes up the muscle layer and snare easily touch the muscle and cause perforation. On the other hand, when the amount of the injected solution is too small, the same result may occur. When the patient complains of abdominal pain or discomfort, there is a possibility that the muscle layer is hooked into the snare, thus re-snare should be tried. We have to choose carefully the kinds of injection solution. Generally speaking, saline was used with or without indigo carmine dye. Vasoconstriction agents such as epinephrine are sometimes mixed in saline. Sclerosing agent polidocanol was reported to achieve effective EMR for colorectal lesions more than 20 mm with less frequent perforation and delayed bleeding [42].
Overreaching and overtraining in strength sports and resistance training: A scoping review
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020
Lee Bell, Alan Ruddock, Thomas Maden-Wilkinson, David. Rogerson
High-power RT OR led to a reduction in mean squat velocity and a concurrent increase in the ratio between serum epinephrine/β2-adrenergic receptor expression (β2-AR), without a reduction in maximal strength in both a multi-ingredient supplementation group and control (Sterczala et al., 2017). Whilst these results further illustrate the attenuation in force and velocity prior to maximal strength decay during periods of intensified RT, it is worth noting that maximal strength did begin to plateau, and further stressful RT could have resulted in NFOR. The group receiving supplementation demonstrated a smaller decrease in β2-AR expression and a lower epinephrine/β2-AR ratio, suggesting the recovery drink reduced the detrimental effects of OR on sympathetic activity, however, had no effect on performance outcome compared to placebo. Interestingly, the authors of this study referred to the 1-wk training phase as an “overtraining” phase; however, no incidence of OTS occurred, although some participants were overreached based on time-course to recovery. An exploration into differences between high-power OR and high intensity/volume OR may provide further understanding in this area.