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The Utilization of Essential Oils to Treat Biofilm-Associated Vaginal Infections
Published in Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul, Microbial Biofilms, 2020
Lúcia G. V. Sousa, Joana Castro, Nuno Cerca
BV is also associated with a negative impact on self-esteem, sexual relationships, and quality of life (Bradshaw and Sobel 2016). Furthermore, it has been reported that BV can predispose women to several more serious complications, namely postoperative infections (Larsson et al. 2000), pelvic inflammatory disease (Ness et al. 2005), urinary tract infections (Harmanli et al. 2000), preterm delivery (Svare et al. 2006), miscarriage and pregnancy losses (Isik et al. 2016), and postpartum endometritis (Jacobsson et al. 2002). Moreover, the presence of BV increases the risk to the acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis (Brotman et al. 2010), Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis (Wiesenfeld et al. 2003), and human immunodeficiency virus (Spear, St John, and Zariffard 2007).
Normal Anatomy of the Female Pelvis and Sonographic Demonstration of Pelvic Abnormalities
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Sonographic findings in acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease have been reported extensively.56–58 The earliest signs of pelvic infection are pronounced endometrial echogenicity representing endometritis, and loss of definition between the uterus, adnexa, and pelvic side walls, creating the “indefinite uterus sign”. A spread into the tubes can be recognized by the demonstration of free fluid along the posterior aspect of the uterus, or the presence of pyosalpinx or tubo-ovarian abscess (Figures 43 to 46).
Investigating dual drug loaded PLGA nanocarriers for improved efficacy in endometritis therapeutics
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2021
Rui He, Guoping Zhang, Jing Yang, Zhengqiang Bai, Kun Han, Hanru Zhang
Endometritis is a malady which is an incessant and understated recurrence of bacterial infection in the innermost lining of the uterus called endometrium [1]. This is usually asymptomatic with very few subtle indications like pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, dyspareunia, and leucorrhoea [2, 3]. But the occurrence of acute endometritis in women of reproductive age varies from 9–75% [4–7]. It has also been seen that chronic endometritis is very much predominant in females with unexplained infertility and females with spontaneous miscarriages [8–10]. Etiology for chronic endometritis was believed to be microorganisms in the uterus which have ascended into the uterus through the cervix from vagina via uterine peristaltic pump [11, 12]. However it has been recently researched that progression of bacterial colonies in uterus in endometritis is independent of flora in vagina once it entered [1]. The causative microorganisms are mainly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium and Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma sp. have also been detected in the microbial enculturations [13] and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies of chronic endometritis [14–16]. Treatment with antibiotics is usually an effective but transitory one for endometritis since the infection recurs frequently. Hence a more effective and perpetual therapy needs to be identified and researched.