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Reproductive system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The ovaries are paired organs that lie on either side of the uterus adjacent to the lateral pelvic wall. The paired uterine (fallopian) tubes measure approximately 10 cm in length and connect the lateral margin of the fundus of the uterus with the ovaries (Fig. 8.1a). The uterus is situated posterior to the bladder (Fig. 8.1b) and anterior to the rectum. It is divided into three portions: the body, the cervix and the fundus. The body of the uterus comprises three layers: Perimetrium – a covering of peritoneum.Myometrium – a thick muscle layer.Endometrium – the lining of the uterus.
Obstetrics and gynaecology
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gyna ecological malignancy. Most tumours are adenocarcinomas, with a peak age of incidence of 55–65 years. The most common clinical presentation of endometrial carcinoma is postmenopausal bleeding. Fifteen per cent of women with postmenopausal bleeding will have endometrial carcinoma. The FIGO staging system for endometrial carcinoma is as follows: Stage 0: carcinoma in situStage I: tumour limited to the uterus Stage IA: tumour limited to the endometriumStage IB: invasion of less than 50 per cent of the myometriumStage IC: invasion of more than 50 per cent of the myometriumStage II: invasion of the cervix with no extrauterine extensionStage III: extension beyond the uterus, but not outside the pelvisStage IV: invasion of bladder or rectum, or distant metastases.
Reproduction, development and work
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
The thick walls of the uterus are comprised of three layers: endometrium, where the blastocyst will implant to produce an embryo (it is this layer which is sloughed off during menses)myometrium, a thick layer of smooth muscle which contracts during childbirth (parturition) to expel the foetusepimetrium, a serous outer membrane similar in structure to the peritoneum.
Efficacy of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped gold nanorods against 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oviduct and endometrial cancers in albino rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Hend Gamal, Walid Tawfik, Hassan H El-Sayyad, Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Ahmed N. Emam, Heba A El-Ghaweet
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of structurally related compounds and a significant class of environmental carcinogens. Both epidemiological and laboratory investigations have linked these carcinogens and associated halogenated chemicals to the development of mammary tumors. DMBA is an example of PAH that has been used to encourage tumor growth in laboratory animals (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) [1]. Recently, the administration of DMBA to mice’s female reproductive tracts has resulted in a significant upsurge in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas [2]. Surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy are used concurrently or separately as part of the current endometrial cancer treatment protocol [3]. This protocol highlights the demand for novel therapeutic strategies that have been researched recently. Noble metal-based nanoparticles are created using various physical and chemical processes, and their uses in health care and remedy are unceasingly expanding [4]. The toxicity of nanoparticles made from these noble metals must be understood as concerns about human safety grow. The creation of gold nanoparticles via a bio-based method has been emphasized by life sciences researchers as being urgently essential for use in medication, health care, biolabeling, targeted medication delivery, hyperthermia and biosensors, among other applications [5]. All parameters must be studied before application in vivo for their internal use to ensure safety precautions.
A Co(II)-based coordination polymer: treatment activity on endometrial cancer by inducing cell apoptosis through regulating the expression of miRNA29
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Ai-Fang Wu, Chong-Li Xu, Mei-Ling Ji, Tong-Yu Zhu
Endometrial cancer is one of the three most common malignant tumors in gynecology.[1] The abnormal gene and signaling pathways lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and apoptosis, which in turn leads to the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer.[2] At present, the molecular pathogenesis of endometrial cancer is not completely clear, and further exploration is needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate the relative expression of the cancer-related genes or post-transcriptionally influence the gene expression. In the past several years, researchers have indicated that in the majority of human cancers, there was usually combined with an aberrant expression of miR-29.[3,4] However, the expression level and regulation activity of the miR-29 in endometrial cancer is still unclear, which should be explored in this present research.
Discovery of genetic risk factors for disease
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2018
A second disease cohort recruited at QIMR was for a study to map genomic regions associated with endometriosis. This disease is a common oestrogen-dependent disorder that affects 6% to 10% of women of reproductive age. It is characterised by tissue resembling endometrium growing on the surface of the pelvic cavity, pelvic organs (ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes) and ligaments (uterosacral ligaments, broad and round ligaments), and in deep infiltrating lesions in the base of the pelvis (Giudice 2010). The disease is a major cause of reduced quality of life and disability in women and teenage girls. It is associated with pelvic pain and infertility, and can affect 30%–50% of women diagnosed with these conditions (Giudice 2010). The causes of the disease are poorly understood. Together with groups in the UK, US and Japan, we conducted GWAS studies and identified seven genomic regions associated with risk for endometriosis (Painter et al. 2011; Nyholt et al. 2012). Our most recent study, with data from 11 groups worldwide, included 17,045 endometriosis cases and increased the number of regions to 14, including genes involved in oestrogen signalling and response.