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Oestradiol, Aging Theory, Women/LGBT Difficulties and Motivation
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Francisco Torrens, Gloria Castellano
The female sex hormone estradiol is the most important one, along with estrone and estriol, which are less potent (cf. Figure 12.3) [11]. They are all based on the standard four-ring steroid structure (four rooms and a bathroom), with just minor differences inside groups, which includes testosterone. It is quite amazing that all the differences between males and females come down to something as trivial as the side group of a molecule! Although it can be produced by many cells in the body [e.g., fat cells, in the brain, artery walls (in males and females)], most estradiol is synthesized in the ovaries from compounds derived from cholesterol (CHOL). Estradiol helps a woman prepare for pregnancy, supporting the reproductive organs, keeping the eggs healthy in the ovaries, and instigating the monthly ovulation and menstrual cycle. It is responsible for the development of the female secondary sex characteristics, which begin at puberty and decline after the menopause; for example, estradiol initiates the development of breasts and alters the fat distribution in a woman’s body to make her curvier. It helps strengthen bones and joints.
Discovery of Thyroid Disease Using Different Ensemble Methods with Reduced Error Pruning Technique
Published in Varun Bajaj, G.R. Sinha, Computer-aided Design and Diagnosis Methods for Biomedical Applications, 2021
Dhyan Chandra Yadav, Saurabh Pal
Barrea et al. [1] established that thyroid hormones can have a serious effect on human health, due to this problem many functions of the body, such as metabolism, do not work correctly when the thyroid is not able to produce enough hormones. Thyroid disorders are a more widespread problem in women compared to men. Thyroid disease directly affects women’s menstrual cycle and ovulation system. If the ovulation system does not properly work, then women cannot conceive. Thyroid disorders create problems in pregnant women for both the woman and her baby. Thyroid disorders can affect human life in various ways, such as: HypothyroidismHyperthyroidThyroiditisGoiterThyroid nodulesThyroid cancer
Membrane Systems
Published in Agis F. Kydonieus, Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory, and Applications, 2019
The second application for silicone-rubber membrane-controlled steroidal contraception involved intrauterine delivery. The endometrial tissue that lines the uterus is the natural target for progesterone, and it undergoes substantial modification under the influence of progesterone in the course of the menstrual cycle that makes the modified endometrium resist implantation and maturation of a fertilized ovum. Controlled delivery offered the opportunity to achieve the desired endometrial effect with minute doses of hormone that would not inhibit the higher centers in the brain or produce other side effects common to orally administered steroidal contraceptives.
Comparison of Female Athlete Triad Coalition and RED-S risk assessment tools
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Kristen J. Koltun, Nicole C. A. Strock, Emily A. Southmayd, Andrew P. Oneglia, Nancy I. Williams, Mary Jane De Souza
While the exact approaches may differ, both the Triad Coalition and RED-S tools share the goal of maintaining athlete health and safety; and, similarities do exist. In many cases, the same types of risk factors were used in both tools, including menstrual status, energy availability, bone density, and history of stress fractures. The RED-S tool further incorporates additional factors that may be appropriate if the information is available, but can be difficult to assess and may require additional resources, such as laboratory blood tests, electrocardiograms, and information regarding expected growth and development. In spite of some similarities, there are differences in the way each condition is defined between tools and in the level of evidence supporting the scoring thresholds. For example, amenorrhea is defined as a lack of menstrual cycles for ≥3 months as cited in the IOC consensus statement (Mountjoy et al., 2014) and Triad Coalition guidelines (De Souza et al., 2014a, 2014b), consistent with the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines (Gordon et al., 2017); however the criteria stated in the IOC consensus statement for yellow light abnormal menstrual status requires amenorrhea for >6 months. The Triad Coalition tool also incorporates historical factors, such as previous menstrual status, whereas the RED-S tool is more reliant on current health status. While this may make the Triad Coalition tool appear more comprehensive, there are situations where historical risk factors, which cannot be changed, may unfairly contribute to a decreased likelihood of full clearance and it is possible that an athlete may be restricted from play based entirely on a medical history of non-modifiable risk factors (delayed menarche, previous oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, history of stress fractures) (Joy & Nattiv, 2017).
Smiley: Designing Smile Recognition Smart Mirror for Premenstrual Syndrome
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Menstruation refers to physiological bleeding through the uterine mucosa at regular intervals due to the menstrual action of the neurohormonal system. The period from the first day of menstruation to the day before the beginning of the next menstruation is called the menstrual cycle. One menstrual cycle is about 28 days (Yonkers et al., 2008). The menstrual cycle can be divided into four phases: the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, the ovulating phase, and the luteal phase.