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Clinical Effects of Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
According to Bogolepova et al.,1209 in examination of patients with CRF at GFR below 30 mL/min and blood serum ion concentration within limits of normal values, hyperosmia has been found. Under the natural regimen, essential differences have been revealed neither in variation limits of renal excretion of ions nor osmotically active substances in CRF patients as compared with healthy controls. Diuresis correlated with renal excretion of osmotically active substances. It is shown that a decrease in reabsorption of osmotically active substances depends on secretion and excretion of prostaglandin E2. A suggestion is made about the role of prostaglandins in regulation of renal changes.
Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT2) inhibition: A potential target for treatment of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Natural and Synthetic compounds
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Shubham Batra, Prabhjeet Kaur Bamrah, Manjusha Choudhary
Dapagliflozin, a highly potent and specific SGLT2 inhibitor, was approved by the FDA in 2014 and is used to treat T2DM throughout the world, including in the EU and the US. It is 1400 times more selective for SGLT2 than SGLT1. Recent studies have shown that dapagliflozin induces osmotic diuresis, reduces blood pressure and body weight without increasing heart rate, and therefore it may have a valuable effect on heart failure patients [17]. As an addition to insulin, dapagliflozin demonstrated good safety and tolerability and resulted in dose-related increases in urine glucose excretion, decreases in 24-hour mean glucose, and declines in glucose variability [18]. Higher research is required to determine the effectiveness, safety, and efficacy of dapagliflozin, which exhibited side effects like hypotension, dehydration, vaginal infections, and renal impairment [19].
Acute caffeine supplementation improves jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction performance in basketball players when ingested in the morning but not evening
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Emilija Stojanović, Aaron T. Scanlan, Zoran Milanović, Jordan L. Fox, Ratko Stanković, Vincent J. Dalbo
In our study, acute caffeine supplementation produced minimal side-effects, with increased urine output (45% of participants in the evening) and vigour or activeness (45% of participants in the morning) being the most prominent responses recorded. Similarly, Mora-Rodríguez et al. (2015) reported urine output was increased after caffeine ingestion in the evening more than in the morning. Considering caffeine elicits a mild, acute diuretic effect (Riesenhuber, Boehm, Posch, & Aufricht, 2006), our results suggest some diuresis may occur on an individual basis following caffeine ingestion in the evening without adverse effect on fluid balance given a consistent body mass was maintained across all sessions. In addition, meta-analytic evidence (Zhang et al., 2015) highlights that concerns regarding fluid loss and potential adverse effects on fluid balance associated with caffeine ingestion are unfounded, particularly when ingestion precedes exercise. Despite being classified as a side-effect, vigour or activeness could be a positive outcome of caffeine supplementation, particularly in the morning, by improving mood, reaction time, and alertness (Alford, Cox, & Wescott, 2001; Seidl, Peyrl, Nicham, & Hauser, 2000). Therefore, the perceptual responses combined with the performance-related variables measured in our study suggest basketball players may predominantly benefit from administering caffeine in the morning.
Cardiac adaptation to endurance exercise training: Differential impact of swimming and running
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Vanessa Martinez, Maria Sanz de la Garza, Gonzalo Grazioli, Emma Roca, Daniel Brotons, Marta Sitges
Open water swimming takes place in extreme environmental conditions which athletes have to cope with, such as the water temperature. Thermoregulation mechanisms include adaptations of the cardiovascular system. In cold water, vasoconstriction and diuresis occur during immersion. The adaptation to warm water includes hydrostatic squeeze and sweating, resulting in hypovolaemia and the demand for high skin blood flow during immersion (Baldassarre & Bonifazi, 2017; Tripton & Bradford, 2014). These mechanisms of cardiovascular response to thermoregulation may influence the cardiac response during endurance competitions and may therefore have contributed to the differences observed between both groups of athletes.