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Osteoimmunomodulation with Biomaterials
Published in Nihal Engin Vrana, Biomaterials and Immune Response, 2018
Bengü Aktaş, Bora Garipcan, Zehra Betül Ahi, Kadriye Tuzlakoğlu, Emre Ergene, Pınar Yılgör Huri
Anti-inflammatory agents including steroids (glucorticoids) or non-steroids are other drugs that are used in bone tissue engineering applications to suppress immune reaction. Glucocorticoids are especially known to promote the differentiation of cells and tissues such as bone, cartilage and muscle by exhibiting inhibitory effects for inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-4, IL-8, TNF-α etc.) [26,119,120]. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs against inflammation. This is because they inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-I and COX-II) enzymes, which in turn inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins. COXs are responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). PGH2 is then catalysed into other types of prostaglandins, such as PGI2, PGD2 and PEG2. An essential function of PEG2 is to regulate the cytokine production by activated macrophages. It also plays a central role in the regulation of T- and B-cells [121,122]. However, there is some controversy about the use of NSAIDs, since these drugs inhibit fracture healing and reduce bone density. For example, Beck et al. observed that the oral administration of diclofenac to rats with short-term therapy and long-term therapy registered a delay in fracture healing [123].
Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Advanced Stages of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
Farhat, R.A. Asnir, A. Yudhistira, F. Nurdiansyah, S. Yulius, E.R. Daulay
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of Prostaglandin (PG), thromboxane and prostacyclin from arachidonic acid. There are two forms of COX, namely COX-1 and COX-2. Cellular expression of COX-2 increases in early stages of carcinogenesis, and during the development and invasive growth of the tumour (Murono et al., 2001; Gallo et al., 2001; Choi & Milas, 2003). COX-2 expressed on several tumours and in its development proved to be a cause of carcinogenesis (Murono et al., 2001; Levita et al., 2009).
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Mediated Methotrexate Delivery Evokes Transcription Factors to Induce Selective Apoptosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Rodney J. Y. Ho, Jagat R. Kanwar, NanoBioMaterials, 2018
Naisargee Patel, Rajeev K. Tyagi, Neeraj K. Garg
One of the major classes of drugs used to subside inflammation in RA is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs are widely used to reduce inflammation mounted by RA, which reportedly inhibit cyclooxygenase (Cox) enzymes (Pelletier et al., 2016). Some of the commonly used NSAIDs include drugs like aspirin, celecoxib, diclofenac, diflunisal, etodolac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen and ibuprofen. However, the rise in the risk of heart attack due to the prolonged use of NSAIDs has limited their use for treating RA (Pelletier et al., 2016).
Potentiating the solubility of BCS class II drug zaltoprofen using nanodispersion technology
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Selvakumar Muruganantham, Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami, Ruckmani Kandasamy, Shanmugarathinam Alagarsamy
Globally, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most extensively employed OTC (over-the-counter) medicaments, which amounts 5 percent of all prescribed medicines. According to a review of persons aged 65 and up, 70% of those surveyed used NSAIDs at least once a week, and more than 30 million people consumes every day.[10,11] NSAIDs drugs are used during inflammatory condition in people with illnesses including severe pain, rheumatoid arthritis, postoperative surgical complications osteoarthritis, and menstrual cramps.[12] NSAIDs are commonly used as analgesic and anti-pyretic medications. These medications work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase.
Insights into the acute effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on activated sludge systems with high solids retention time
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Bengisu Ciftcioglu, Esma Demirkaya, Esra Salih, Dilsad Soylu, Goksin Ozyildiz, Gulsum Emel Zengin, Didem Guven, Emel Topuz, Ilke Pala-Ozkok, Güçlü Insel, Emine Cokgor, Didem Okutman Tas
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reversible inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) used for symptomatic relief of pain, are among the top concerned pharmaceuticals due to their high consumption rates and availability as an over the counter drug [8]. NSAIDs are mainly detected in sewage as well as in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants [9,10]. The concentration of NSAIDs detected in the sewage may differ according to the consumption rate of the compound as well as their persistency. Among these pharmaceuticals, naproxen, diclofenac, indomethacin, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen are frequently detected pharmaceuticals in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants and at their receiving surface waters having high risk quotient to the aquatic organism [11–14].
Pre-pubertal exposure to ibuprofen impairs sperm parameters in male adult rats and compromises the next generation
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Mariana Gazoli Barbosa, Bárbara Campos Jorge, Julia Stein, Dayana Agnes Santos Ferreira, Ana Carolina da Silva Barreto, Ana Carolina Casali Reis, Suyane Da Silva Moreira, Leonardo Cesar De Lima Inocencio, Luis Fernando Benitez Macorini, Arielle Cristina Arena
Ibuprofen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) is one of the most used anti-inflammatory, anti-thermal, and analgesic drugs around the world, mainly by children (Kristensen et al. 2016). It is considered an over-the-counter drug, acting by inhibiting the two isoforms of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, COX-1 and 2, culminating in the reduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. PGE2 are eicosanoid compounds, which act not only as mediators and inflammatory modulators but also are involved in several physiological processes, including hormonal regulation and reproductive functions (Amateau and McCarthy 2004; Miller 2006).