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Recent Advances in Diagnosis: Nano-Based Approach
Published in Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava, Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava
Enzymes are the catalysts of biological origin, which regulates biological metabolism. They are also used as tumor markers for cancer diagnosis (Ludwig and Weinstein, 2005). Among the different classes of enzymes, isozymes, despite having a different amino acid sequence, catalyze the same chemical reaction. Isozymes also differ in their immunogenicity, kinetic parameters, and other regulatory properties, etc.
Cell Culture Process Validation Including Cell Bank Qualification
Published in James Agalloco, Phil DeSantis, Anthony Grilli, Anthony Pavell, Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 2021
Anne B. Tolstrup, Steven I. Max, Denis Drapeau, Timothy S. Charlebois
Identity testing establishes the species identity of the cells and demonstrates that the cell bank is composed of a homogeneous population. The traditional assay is an isoenzyme analysis method that is based on the electrophoretic mobilities and banding patterns of various intracellular enzymes. Currently, genetic identity testing based on next generation sequencing (NGS) provides a more accurate assessment. Since the complete CHO cell genome sequence became available (Xu, 2011), CHO identity tests are now often performed by targeted sequencing utilizing NGS methodology.
Cell Physiology
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
Isozymes are often named after the tissue in which they are the dominant isoform. However, the expression of isozymes is not tissue-exclusive. The liver isoform of PFK is widely expressed in many tissues. The expression of isozymes in a tissue cell is not limited to one form. Different isoforms of the same enzyme are often co-expressed in the same tissue or the same cell. Different combinations of isozymes give rise to different kinetics and regulatory behaviors that may meet different physiological needs.
Reverse dosimetry modeling of toluene exposure concentrations based on biomonitoring levels from the Canadian health measures survey
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Honesty Tohon, Andy Nong, Marjory Moreau, Mathieu Valcke, Sami Haddad
Further, because toluene is a substrate of CYP2E1, the major isozyme involved in the hepatic metabolism of low molecular weight VOC (Neafsey et al. 2009; Nong et al. 2006; Ronis, Lindros, and Ingelman-Sundberg 1996), its intrinsic clearance in a given simulated individual was computed by adjusting the catalytic activity of toluene’s metabolism (which follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics) in function of this isozyme’s liver ontogeny (Nong et al. 2006). Thus, for a given individual, the maximal rate of metabolism (Vmaxadj) was adjusted from the Vmaxc as shown in Equation 1.