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Liver and biliary system, pancreas and spleen
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The gallbladder is a hollow pear-shaped structure, lying anterior and inferior to the lower margin of the liver, and contains bile, which is manufactured in the liver. It is divided into the fundus, body and neck and is normally 7–10 cm in length and approximately 3 cm wide at the level of the fundus. It has a capacity of 30–50 ml. The neck of the gallbladder communicates with the cystic duct through the valves of Heister. Bile is secreted by the liver and then passes into the biliary system, collecting in the right and left hepatic ducts, which join to form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct joins the common hepatic duct to form the CBD, which passes behind the first part of the duodenum and along the lateral margin of the head of the pancreas close to the medial wall of the second part of the duodenum. It finally joins the pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater and empties into the duodenum through a small papilla at the sphincter of Oddie (Fig. 6.2a).
Occupational toxicology of the liver
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
The liver cells secrete the bile, and this collects in the bile canaliculi, which then unite to form bile ducts. These bile ducts all eventually unite, forming the common hepatic duct, which is joined by a branch, the cystic duct, which leads from the gall bladder. This is on the inferior surface of the liver, and is the storage site for bile. The common bile duct leads from the gall bladder to the pancreatic duct, forming a common duct that opens into the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine) (O’Grady et al. 2000).
Patient-specific fluid–structure interaction model of bile flow: comparison between 1-way and 2-way algorithms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Alex G. Kuchumov, Vasily Vedeneev, Vladimir Samartsev, Aleksandr Khairulin, Oleg Ivanov
WSS distributions for bile flow cases are shown in Figure 7. It is known that high velocity regions correspond to increased wall shear stress magnitudes (Oliveira et al. 2019; Yevtushenko et al. 2019). Elevated wall shear stress are observed in the common hepatic duct and common bile duct areas.