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Occupational toxicology of the liver
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
The liver cells secrete the bile, and this collects in the bile canaliculi, which then unite to form bile ducts. These bile ducts all eventually unite, forming the common hepatic duct, which is joined by a branch, the cystic duct, which leads from the gall bladder. This is on the inferior surface of the liver, and is the storage site for bile. The common bile duct leads from the gall bladder to the pancreatic duct, forming a common duct that opens into the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine) (O’Grady et al. 2000).
Patient-specific fluid–structure interaction model of bile flow: comparison between 1-way and 2-way algorithms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Alex G. Kuchumov, Vasily Vedeneev, Vladimir Samartsev, Aleksandr Khairulin, Oleg Ivanov
Realistic bile flow simulations require corresponding validations against choledynamics. Because there was no available data on bile flow in these geometries, we had to compromise the validation and compare with previous simulation researches known from literature. Despite the difference between the patient-specific geometries, the present simulation results of bile flow model were compared qualitatively with the numerical results of Al-Atabi et al. (2012). Figure 9(a,b) shows the comparison between streamlines in cystic duct during the gallbladder emptying for both studies. It is seen that the present simulation results have the same trend as the earlier results of Al-Atabi et al. (2012). For both studies, the peak of velocity occurs near the cystic duct enter to common hepatic duct. As can be seen, the velocity distributions in the cystic duct are good correlate with each other. It should be noticed that the results have good quantative and qualitive agreement despite difference in the geometry and boundary conditions. It should be emphasized that the present simulations utilized a realistic model of the extra-hepatic biliary tree, while Al-Atabi et al. (2012) used a simplified limited model of the cystic duct that could cause some of the deviation seen.