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Physiology of the Human Biliary System
Published in Wenguang Li, Biliary Tract and Gallbladder Biomechanical Modelling with Physiological and Clinical Elements, 2021
Stones can drop out of the GB into the CBD. These stones often pass into the intestines without incident. Sometimes, they can cause obstructions in the bile duct leading to jaundice and life-threatening infections of the bile ducts.
Gastrointestinal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Mechanical biliary obstruction may occur at any level from the liver to the duodenum. Causes include gallstones in the bile ducts, pancreatic carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater or duodenum, iatrogenic biliary stricture, chronic pancreatitis, liver masses and sclerosing cholangitis. The roles of imaging are to determine the presence, level and cause of biliary obstruction.
Gastrointestinal imaging 2: liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenals, biliary tract and aorta
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) is performed to assess the pancreatic and bile ducts. Due to its invasive nature, ultrasound and then magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are used initially or to assess the ducts. ERCP is indicated only for therapeutic or interventional procedures such as dilatation of the sphincter of Oddi, for stone extraction and stent insertion, unless MRI is contraindicated when MRCP cannot be performed.
Bioburden and transmission of pathogenic bacteria through elevator channel during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: application of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for characterization of clonal strains
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Masoumeh Azimirad, Masoud Alebouyeh, Amir Sadeghi, Elham Khodamoradi, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Amir Houshang Mohammad Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza Zali
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used increasingly for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases, including choledocholithiasis, gallstone pancreatitis, and bile duct or pancreatic duct stenosis [1]. Bacterial infection is the most morbid complications of ERCP, which can cause ERCP-related death through septic cholangitis, liver abscess, acute cholecystitis, and pancreatic pseudocyst [2]. During the procedure, bacteria can enter the biliary tract and colonize this tissue via contaminated device and its related instruments [3]. Difficulty in reprocessing, cleaning and disinfection of duodenoscopes, such as elevator mechanism, converted this medical device as a reservoir for life-threatening infections. The infection in this organ causes more frequently through enteric bacterial flora [4]. Several outbreaks were reported in association to used contaminated endoscopes during ERCP procedure in recent years [5–11]. Although these outbreaks were mainly related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococci, sources of these bacteria and their transmission routes were not well characterized.
Patient-specific fluid–structure interaction model of bile flow: comparison between 1-way and 2-way algorithms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Alex G. Kuchumov, Vasily Vedeneev, Vladimir Samartsev, Aleksandr Khairulin, Oleg Ivanov
Gallstones affect 10% to 15% of the adult population in the United States (Stinton and Shaffer 2012) and the United Kingdom (Luo et al. 2007), respectively, and 12–20% in Russia (Marakhovskiy 2003). The presence of gallstones may lead to different complications starting from bile duct inflammation to lethal cases such as gallbladder cancer (Opie 1901; Portincasa et al. 2006). Biomechanical and choledynamic factors (including bile flow dynamics, gallbladder and ducts contraction, pressure gradients’ shift due to pathology) have crucial influence on gallstones formation (Luo et al. 2007). It is known that prolonged bile stasis in the gallbladder due to the biomechanical factors mentioned above can lead to gallstone formation along with the metabolic liver disorders.