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Telescopes for Inner Space: Fiber Optics and Endoscopes
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and resecretes it when needed into the small intestine, thus aiding in the digestion of fatty foods. In some persons, cholesterol crystals, called gallstones, form within the gallbladder. Large ones can potentially block the bile ducts and cause sharp pains in the abdomen. Sometimes medication alone can dissolve these gallstones. Failing this treatment, persons suffering from this can live with occasional abdominal pain while maintaining a restricted low fat diet, or they can undergo surgery to have their gallbladder removed, an operation called cholecystectomy. In spite of the often acute abdominal pain, many persons once opted to live with the condition indefinitely when faced with the prospect of open surgery, which typically entails a one-week hospital stay, an extended recovery period lasting an average of six weeks, and a six-inch-wide surgical scar.
Liver and biliary system, pancreas and spleen
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
If the patient is jaundiced, assessment of the biliary system can distinguish between obstructive and non-obstructive jaundice. Fig. 6.4c shows the gallbladder appearing as a fluid-filled (black on image) structure, but there are also several white circular areas within the gallbladder, representing gallstones. These inhibit the passage of sound to produce acoustic shadowing beyond. The appearance of gallstones is one of the commonest findings in sonography for epigastric or RUQ pain. Passage of a gallstone into the duct system is one of several possible causes of obstructive jaundice, resulting in dilatation of the biliary tree. The standard place to measure this is where the hepatic artery passes anterior to the common duct at the porta hepatis (Fig. 6.4d).
Role of Analytics in IoT
Published in Ambikapathy, R. Shobana, Logavani, Dharmasa, Reinvention of Health Applications with IoT, 2022
S. Manikandan, K. Gowrishankar, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti
The body mass index (BMI) is a common vital indicator of health. BMI is calculated as the ratio of weight and height. It will define a person as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. A high BMI indicates an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes etc. People who are overweight or obese have a high risk of getting gall stones. Also, waist circumference has a significant impact on health risk when it is high, for example, more than 40 inches. This implies those people have high health-related risks. Improper nutrition in adults is common these days usually due to many complex issues surrounding food or inadequate diet. BMI acts as a good indicator of person's health.
Patient-specific fluid–structure interaction model of bile flow: comparison between 1-way and 2-way algorithms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Alex G. Kuchumov, Vasily Vedeneev, Vladimir Samartsev, Aleksandr Khairulin, Oleg Ivanov
The process of gallstone formation is referred to gallbladder disease (Diehl 1991; Stinton and Shaffer 2012). Gallstones develop when substances in the bile (such as cholesterol, bilirubin and bile salts) form hard particles that block the passageway to the gallbladder (Diehl 1991). It means that bile changes its structural and rheological properties, which in this case is called ‘lithogenic bile’ (i.e. a bile that tends to generate gallstones). Also, gallstones, which can be as large as a golf ball (Mohan et al. 2014), tend to form when the gallbladder does not empty completely.