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Nanooncology: Molecular Imaging, Omics, and Nanoscale Flow-Mediated Medicine Tumors Strategies
Published in Sarhan M. Musa, Nanoscale Flow, 2018
Tannaz Farrahi, Tri Quang, Keerthi Srivastav Valluru, Suman Shrestha, George Livanos, Yinan Li, Aditi Deshpande, Michalis Zervakis, George C. Giakos
One of the significant factors in the battle against cancer is the early detection of cancer cells. Any specific molecular alteration of a cell on the DNA, RNA, metabolite, or protein level may be referred to as a molecular biomarker. According to the National Cancer Institute, biomarker is defined as “a biological molecule found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that is a sign of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease.” Alternatively, a cancer biomarker is a molecular signature that indicates the physiological and pathological changes in a particular tissue or cell type during the evolutionary stages of cancer. Cancer biomarkers can be used as precursors to identify the early onset of cancer as well as facilitate the diagnosis and/or patient management by providing quantitative figures aimed to accurately refine the staging of cancer, anticipating or monitoring response to treatment [112]. There is a critical need for expedited development of biomarkers to improve diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Nanobiomaterials for cancer diagnosis and therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanobiomaterials, 2018
Cecilia Cristea, Florin Graur, Ramona Gălătuş, Călin Vaida, Doina Pîslă, Robert Săndulescu
Cancer biomarkers, like any other biomarker, are generally defined as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention” (Leteurtre et al., 2004). They are used as an indicator for a neoplastic process detected after their aberrant expression in biological fluids (serum, saliva) or cells and tissues. Their abnormal levels appear from early stages of cancer, they could be use in early detection improving the survival rate of patients. Generally, there are several biomarkers over expressed for the same type of cancer. Therefore, in a panel for simultaneous detection of several significant cancer biomarkers is usually required in order to avoid false positive results.
Iron oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) glassy carbon electrode as a novel label-free electrochemical microRNA-21 sensor
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Cigdem Dulgerbaki, Aysegul Uygun Oksuz
In the last decade, biosensors have been extensively utilized to determine biomarkers as the most reliable, valid and fast analytical methods.[1] Biological markers, occasionally called cancer biomarkers (CB) indicate perfect hereditary features of the cancerous cells and may be utilized for the recognition of cancer status in patients.[2] Various bioidentification agents are present to determine cancer biomarkers such as antibodies, enzymes and synthetic molecules.[3] According to the particular biorecognition agents utilized, biosensors are categorized into enzymatic biosensors, aptasensors, immunosensors and nucleic acid biosensors.[4]
Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by surface plasmon resonance-enhanced total internal reflection ellipsometry (SPRe-TIRE)
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Aslı Erkal-Aytemur, Samet Şahin, Zafer Üstündağ, İbrahim Ender Mülazımoğlu, Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
Cancer is an important disease that threatens human health globally and early detection plays a crucial role.[1] Cancer biomarkers are characteristic measures to indicate the risk and occurrence of cancer and patient outcome.[2] If cancer is detected, diagnosed and treated at an early stage, then the chances of survival significantly increase.[3] Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein and one of the well-known biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver, colon, breast, and colorectal cancer.[4–6]