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Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Cancer Bioimaging, Diagnostics and Therapy
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Bridget Crawford, Tuan Vo-Dinh
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2, is known to be overexpressed on the surface membrane of breast cancer cells, thus making this receptor protein an important biomarker for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. SERS-based detection of HER2 on breast cancer cells has been reported where antibody-conjugated GNRs [45] and nanospheres [46] coupled with Raman reporter molecules were used as the SERS-active nanoprobes for imaging and detection of HER2 on the surface of MCF-7 cells. More recently, Lee et al. reported a SERS-based multiplexed cellular imaging method for simultaneous imaging, detection and quantification of different breast cancer phenotypic markers [47]. These SERS nanotags were developed using antibody-conjugated silica-encapsulated hollow gold nanospheres (SEHGNs) coupled with different Raman reporters for three different biomarkers, epidermal growth factor (EGF), ErbB2, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors on the surface of MDA-MB-468, KPL4, and SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell lines, respectively.
Precision or Personalized Medicine for Cancer Chemotherapy: Is There a Role for Herbal Medicine?
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Zhijun Wang, Xuefeng Liu, Rebecca Lucinda Ka Yan Ho, Christopher Wai Kei Lam, Moses Sing Sum Chow
Precision medicine can involve a single drug or combination of drugs. A good example of single drug is pembrolizumab for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumor cells express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and progress after platinum-based chemotherapy. When PD-L1 is activated, immune response is inhibited. Pembrolizumab targets PD-L1 and allows the host immune system to recognize and attack tumor cells (www.fda.gov). A good example of combination therapy is pertuzumab in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab is an antibody that blocks the function of HER2, a protein produced by a specific gene with cancer-causing potential in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Pertuzumab, another monoclonal antibody which binds to a different epitope on HER2 other than trastuzumab, can inhibit HER2 dimerization. The combination with pertuzumab has been shown to produce a median of 6.1 months longer survival time compared to without it [21].
Conjugated Poly/Oligo-Electrolytes for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Published in John R. Reynolds, Barry C. Thompson, Terje A. Skotheim, Conjugated Polymers, 2019
Lingyun Zhou, Guillermo C. Bazan, Shu Wang
Without specific interactions or a responsive group, any quenching of emission caused by non-specific interactions with CPs has the potential to give rise to a false positive result. In this respect, the specificity of antibody and antigen interactions can be used to greatly improve detection accuracy. Therefore, the introduction of antibody recognition elements can exclusively recognize an overexpressed biomarker. HER2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), also called as receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, is overexpressed in certain aggressive types of breast cancer. The linkage of HER2 antibody to PFBTTB (Scheme 24.1, structure 2) allows for targeting and imaging of HER2 receptors on the surface of MCF-7/HER18 and 435.eB cells (both over-expressed HER2 receptors) (Figure 24.2).47
Aptamer-based technology for radionuclide targeted imaging and therapy: a promising weapon against cancer
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Luca Filippi, Oreste Bagni, Clara Nervi
More recently Varmira et al. used the chelator HYNIC, in the presence of tricine or ethylenediamine-N,N’-diacetic acid (EDDA), as co-ligand for the 99mTc-radiolabeling of a modified-RNA aptamer toward the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) [25]. HER2 overexpression, detectable in the 20–30% of all breast carcinomas, is associated with a poor prognosis. HER2 is also the specific target for breast cancer treatment with trastuzumab [26]. The visualization of the HER2 status is of crucial importance not only at the initial phase of the anti-HER2 treatment but also during the therapeutic regimen for the early detection of acquired resistance. In the aforementioned study, Varmira and colleagues described the preparation of a 99mTc-HYNIC-RNA aptamer, characterized by a radiochemical purity of 97% and a stability >90%, highly specific to HER2 binding in HER2 over-expressing cell lines (SKOV-3) and in nude mice bearing SKOV-3 cancer xenografts.
Application of nanoparticles in cancer detection by Raman scattering based techniques
Published in Nano Reviews & Experiments, 2018
Rouhallah Ravanshad, Ayoob Karimi Zadeh, Ali Mohammad Amani, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Amir Savar Dashtaki, Esmail Mirzaei, Bijan Zare
Several investigations have used RS to detect normal, precancerous and cancerous breast tissues. Most studies were done on breast cancer detection focusing on EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor). Overexpression or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, a member of the EGFR family), also known as a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor, is a prognostic marker in many types of cancers. In breast cancer, a HER2-positive status is generally associated with a poor prognosis and a higher rate of disease recurrence compared with HER2-negative status. HER2 is an important biomarker, which plays an essential role in therapeutic decision making for breast cancer patients. Thus, identifying the HER2 status of breast cancer cells is very important for breast cancer therapies. Currently, the most commonly used methods for assessing HER2 status are immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Both methods suffer from several drawbacks such as being relatively time-consuming and not being suitable for direct in vivo detection. In this respect and to reduce the weakness, [70] used p-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) molecules as both the Raman reporter (agents provide much higher Raman intensity) for generating SERS signals, and the conjugation agent for attaching antibody molecules to AgNPs. The method of nanoparticle preparation is straightforward because no shell is needed. The results showed that SKBR3 (as HER2-positive cells) exhibits much stronger SERS signals than MCF7 (as HER2 negative cells), indicating that the SERS probe potentially can distinguish the HER2 status of different kinds of breast cancer cells [69,71].
Cloning, expression and characterization of a HER2-alpha luffin fusion protein in Escherichia coli
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Farzaneh Barkhordari, Nooshin Sohrabi, Fatemeh Davami, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Yeganeh Talebkhan Garoosi
Human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family.[7] It consists of an extracellular binding domain and was found to be amplified in human breast cancer cell lines.[8,9] By the use of genetic engineering approaches, trastuzumab, as a human IgG monoclonal antibody, has been developed successfully as an anti-cancer drug especially in treatment of breast cancer[10] through inhibition of HER-2 related interactions.[11]