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Activities for Supporting Work Ability of Ageing Workers
Published in Joanna Bugajska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Tomasz Kostka, Individual and Occupational Determinants, 2020
A roundtable session convened by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has concluded that exercise training is safe during and after cancer treatment, and results in improvements in physical functioning, the quality of life and reduction of cancer-related fatigue in several cancer survivor groups (Schmitz et al. 2010). ACSM recommends that cancer survivors should “avoid inactivity” and follow the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, with specific exercise programming adaptations (Schmitz et al. 2010). In the follow-up paper, a process for implementing the guidelines in clinical practice was outlined, and recommendations were provided for oncology care providers on how they can interface with the exercise and physical therapy community (Wolin et al. 2012).
The Placebo and Nocebo effect on sports performance: A systematic review
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2020
Philip Hurst, Lieke Schipof-Godart, Attila Szabo, John Raglin, Florentina Hettinga, Bart Roelands, Andrew Lane, Abby Foad, Damian Coleman, Chris Beedie
The mean effect size reported during overt administration of placebo indicated no effect on performance (n = 54, d = 0.08). However, results were mixed between studies, with some reporting significant placebo effects (Duncan, 2010; Duncan et al., 2009) and others reporting significant nocebo effects (Foad et al., 2008). Research in other fields has shown that open-label placebos (i.e. overt administration of placebo) can significantly improve various conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (Kaptchuk et al., 2010), lower back pain (Carvalho et al., 2016), allergic rhinitis (Schaefer, Harke, & Denke, 2016), depression (Kelley, Kaptchuk, Cusin, Lipkin, & Fava, 2012) and cancer related fatigue (Hoenemeyer, Kaptchuk, Mehta, & Fontaine, 2018). However, these studies were specifically designed to investigate the effects of open-label placebos, whereas studies included in this review often use the open-label placebo as a comparator to experimental treatments. Further studies directly investigating the effect of open-label placebos on sport performance are needed.
Improving resistance training prescription through the load-velocity relationship in breast cancer survivors: The case of the leg-press exercise
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
David M. Díez-Fernández, Andrés Baena-Raya, Celia Alcaraz-García, David Rodríguez-Rosell, Manuel A. Rodríguez-Pérez, Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
The results of this study allow estimating the target training load in the bilateral leg-press exercise with a relatively low margin of error, in female breast cancer survivors. In particular, the proposed equations allow predicting any relative load from 25 to 100% of 1RM by evaluating the movement velocity during the concentric phase of the first repetition, provided it is carried out at the maximal intended velocity. The relevance of this contribution lies in the critical importance of optimizing RT prescription in breast cancer survivors, and accurately estimating the 1RM with little health-related risks for the participant and precisely determine the training loads. In cancer patients, who commonly suffer from cancer-related fatigue, this is particularly relevant as overloading might produce considerable damage. It must be taken into account that predicting the training load using regression equations that do not fit the target population can lead to important mistakes in the control and quantification of the training process. In practical terms, the main findings of this study allow: (a) assessing lower body muscular strength in female breast cancer survivors without conducting a traditional 1RM or XRM test; (b) determining the degree of actual effort that the patient is exerting, with the ability to control the fatigue generated, which is especially relevant to the study population; (c) prescribing and monitoring the relative load in the bilateral leg-press exercise according to the movement velocity of the concentric phase, thus allowing a better control and individualization of the training load. In conclusion, MV is the most recommendable velocity variable to prescribe the relative load during resistance training and the PA presents better accuracy to predict velocities associated with each %1RM, although LA is sufficiently valid to be used as an alternative to the quadratic model. This study contributes to improving exercise prescription and monitoring, which has been traditionally lacking in the breast cancer literature.
The potential interaction of environmental pollutants and circadian rhythm regulations that may cause leukemia
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel, Błażej Kudłak, Wen Liu, Michael J. Williams, Helgi B. Schiöth
In a small cohort analysis, it was found that 33% of ALL patients had decreased expression of BMAL1 due to hypermethylation of its promoter (Taniguchi et al., 2009). In RPMI8402 cells, the demethylation of hypermethylated CpG islands restored BMAL1 levels and, consequently, the circadian oscillation of the PER2 gene and its target genes (Tomita et al., 2017). Reinforcing these observations, by inducing a decrease in the expression of BMAL1 in MOLT-4 cells, which do not exhibit hypermethylation of CpG islands, there was an increase in their cell growth (Taniguchi et al., 2009). In patients newly diagnosed with ALL, there was also a decrease in the expression of CLOCK, PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2 and REV-ERBa (Table 1), which with the exception of CLOCK remained low until the end of treatment (Rahman et al., 2017; M.-Y. Yang et al., 2015). In pediatric patients with ALL, altered sleep-rest circadian activity patterns are well described, and less intense sleep-wake rhythms have been associated with increased cancer-related fatigue (Berger et al., 2010; Rogers et al., 2014). These alterations were stronger when high-dose dexamethasone was used in induction therapy and during the intensive phase of therapy with 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate (Rogers et al., 2014; Steur et al., 2020). Furthermore, a long-term follow-up study of survival showed that ALL patients who received maintenance treatment with 6-mercaptopurine at night had a greater chance of complete remission than those who received it in the morning (Rivard et al., 1993). The same happened with the combined treatment of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate (Clemmensen et al., 2014). This could be linked to a higher number of circulating CD10+ lymphocytes at night (Canon et al., 1985) and lower levels of DNA repair proteins, particularly those of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway (Sancar & Van Gelder, 2021). For ALL patients who achieved remission, BMAL1, PER3, and CRY2 were found at higher levels than patients whose disease relapsed after treatment (M.-Y. Yang et al., 2015). The evidence presented above suggests that circadian rhythm may play a role in the development of childhood ALL, as well as affect chemotherapy treatments.