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List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Exposures to cadmium salts by absorption are most efficient via the respiratory tract. The symptoms of health effects include, but are not limited to, irritation, headache, metallic taste, and/or cough. Severe exposures cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and flu-like symptoms with weakness, fever, headache, chills, sweating, nausea and muscular pain, pulmonary edema, liver and kidney damage, and death. Prolonged exposures, even at relatively low concentrations, may result in kidney damage, anemia, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, perforation of the nasal septum, loss of smell, male reproductive effects, and an increased risk of cancer of the lung and of the prostate. Decrease in bone density, renal stones, and other evidence of disturbed calcium metabolism have been reported.
Association between polymorphism and haplotype of ATP2B1 gene and skeletal fluorosis in Han population
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Yue Gao, Yang Liu, Yuting Jiang, Ming Qin, Zhizhong Guan, Yanhui Gao, Yanmei Yang
The severity of fluorosis does not necessarily rely on the amount of fluoride consumed (Pramanik and Saha 2017), suggesting that other variables influence skeletal fluorosis. It has been reported that genetic variants may contribute to variances in sensitivity or resistance to fluoride exposure among individuals (Kobayashi et al. 2014). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which underpins variances in disease susceptibility, has been related with individual’s susceptibility to fluorosis. Fluoride exposure has been demonstrated to impact calcium metabolism genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes have been linked to fluorosis. The CT/TT genotype at the rs2228570 locus of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene was found to be possibly protective against brick tea-type fluorosis in Mongolian subjects aged 46–65 years (Yang et al. 2016). A research of 132 adults in India found gene–gene interactions between rs9340799 and rs2077647 of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and rs1543294 of bone glaprotein (BGLAP) on dental fluorosis. (Chakraborty et al. 2022). An association between fluorosis and Alu I polymorphism in the calcitonin receptor (CTR) gene was revealed in Han Chinese children aged 8–12 years (Jiang et al. 2015).
Toxicity and bioremediation of the lead: a critical review
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Khushhal Kumar, Devinder Singh
Lower fertilization rate in ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), lower egg production in Japanese quail, reduced hatchability in ring-necked pheasants and mourning doves, and smaller clutches and increased nestling mortality in pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) are all effects of lead exposure (Edens et al. 1976; Buerger et al. 1986; Berglund et al. 2010; Gasparik et al. 2012). According to Edens et al. (1976), prolonged lead exposure in Japanese quail affected calcium metabolism and significantly decreased rates of egg production. Paul et al. (2014) investigated the immunotoxicology effects of lead acetate in the intestinal macrophages of the freshwater fish Channa punctatus. For 4 days, fish were exposed to lead acetate (9.43 mg/l) and results showed intracellular killing, and cell adhesion, as well as inhibiting the release of antimicrobial chemicals such as nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase.
Temporal and geographical variations of mercury and selenium in eggs of Larus michahellis and Larus audouinii from central Mediterranean islands
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2018
Nicola Bianchi, Nicola Baccetti, Claudio Leonzio, Pietro Giovacchini, Stefania Ancora
In the Audouin’s gull, a significant correlation between selenium concentrations and shell thickness suggests that selenium levels had a possible influence on shell thickness; selenium levels were higher in the Tuscan Archipelago than those from Sardinia (Table 1). A greater availability of selenium in the body increases sequestration of organic mercury into high-molecular weight complexes in the liver [14–16], decreasing the overall organic mercury toxic effects, among which is the possible interference with calcium metabolism during eggshell formation with a consequent shell thinning [53]. Although data about the effects of Hg on bird eggshell thickness often appear conflict [54,55], the concurrent higher selenium levels in Tuscan Archipelago eggs compared to those from Sardinian islands (Table 1) may suggest lower reproduction impairment in the former area.