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Chest imaging
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
Breast imaging is divided into two populations and dis-ciplines: breast screening that is imaging the supposedly well asymptomatic woman, aiming to detect breast cancer at an early curable stage, and symptomatic breast imaging for women with symptoms of breast pain, a breast lump, nipple discharge, etc.
A multi-stage intervention assessing, advising and customising sports bras for elite female British athletes
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2022
Joanna Wakefield-Scurr, Amy Sanchez, Melissa Jones
Twenty-nine per cent of athletes reported that breast pain affected their ability to give 100% during training or competition (similar to 32% of Australian athletes; Brisbine et al., 2020b); almost half reported that sport made their breast pain worse, yet most made no changes to alleviate symptoms. Twelve per cent used medication to relieve breast pain. The use of simple analgesics to relieve breast pain is not uncommon and is a clinical recommendation for breast pain management; however, it is not a long-term solution and is recommended for clinical breast pain, not necessarily movement-related breast pain (although the distinction between the sources of breast pain was not established in this study). One athlete resorted to surgery to relieve pain associated with a benign breast cyst. Considering that well-fitting sports bras are reported to alleviate breast pain more effectively than pharmaceuticals (Hadi, 2000), and without side effects, it seems imperative that female athletes are educated on appropriate breast support.
The incidence of breast health issues and the efficacy of a sports bra fit and issue service in British Army recruits
Published in Ergonomics, 2021
Jenny Burbage, Alex J Rawcliffe, Samantha Saunders, Louise Corfield, Rachel Izard
Despite a small number of recruits reporting that exercise-induced breast pain affected them during BT, the comments articulated in the survey indicated that military task performance was negatively affected. Research has confirmed that exercise-induced breast pain can be reduced by an appropriately fitted sports bra in athletic and recreationally active females (Mason, Page, and Fallon 1999; Scurr, White, and Hedger 2011; White, Scurr, and Smith 2009). This study provides further rationale for the provision of professionally fitted sports bras at the beginning of BT to reduce bra discomfort, and the severity and frequency of breast pain on task performance of female recruits. Over half of recruits felt that improvements could be made in issued clothing or equipment to help reduce breast health issues (Table 3). The most frequent requests from female recruits was for the British Army to issue sports bras and provide a professional sports bra fit and issue service at the beginning of BT. However, a bias is acknowledged with this question item as issuing sports bras would considerably reduce personal cost to the recruit. Nevertheless, the provision of a professional sports bra fitting and issue service could help to attenuate the frequency of breast and bra fit issues in BT. As such, a pilot intervention study (Part two) was conducted to quantify the impact of a professional sports bra fitting and issue service on measures of breast pain and bra issues in a separate cohort of female British Army recruits during BT.
Breast pain affects the performance of elite female athletes
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020
Brooke R. Brisbine, Julie R. Steele, Elissa J. Phillips, Deirdre E. McGhee
Limited research has previously investigated the incidence of mastalgia experienced by female athletes (Brown et al., 2014; Burbage & Cameron, 2017). Sixty-three percent of survey respondents in this study, who were elite female athletes, reported suffering from mastalgia. This finding supports our first hypothesis (H1) that the level of mastalgia in elite athletes would be consistent with that of active women who were not elite athletes (Brown et al., 2014; Burbage & Cameron, 2017) and the general female population (51–79%) (Ader & Shriver, 1997; Scurr et al., 2014). Furthermore, it was found that 20% of athletes who reported mastalgia also reported that their mastalgia negatively affected their sporting performance, confirming our third hypothesis (H3). It is therefore critical that strategies are developed to minimise the potential for mastalgia to impair sporting performance. One simple strategy that has been shown to effectively relieve up to 85% of breast pain symptoms is wearing a properly fitted, supportive bra (Brown et al., 2014; Hadi, 2000; Kataria, Dhar, Srivastava, Kumar, & Goyal, 2014). Therefore, elite female athletes need to be educated on the importance of adequate breast support and how to select and correctly fit a sports bra that caters for the movements specific to their sport in order to help reduce the occurrence and impact of mastalgia in this population. Future research is also recommended to investigate whether there are specific phases of the menstrual cycle during which mastalgia is more prevalent in elite female athletes so that strategies can be tailored to when they are needed the most.