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Medical Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Personnel from tissue recovery agencies remove the tissue from the donor. These agencies are under the regulation of the FDA and must abide by the Current Good Tissue Practices (cGTP) rule. Once the tissue is removed, it is sent to tissue banks for processing and distribution. Each year, tissue banks accredited by the American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB) distribute 1.5 million bone and tissue allografts. These banks are also regulated by the FDA to ensure the quality of the tissue being distributed. An allogeneic bone marrow transplant can result in an immune attack against the recipient, called graft-versus-host disease. Because of the genetic differences between the organ and the recipient, the recipient’s immune system will identify the organ as foreign and attempt to destroy it, causing transplant rejection. To prevent this, the organ recipient must take immunosuppressants. This dramatically affects the entire immune system, making the body vulnerable to pathogens.
Medical biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
Personnel from tissue recovery agencies remove the tissue from the donor. These agencies are under the regulation of the FDA and must abide by the Current Good Tissue Practices (cGTP) rule. Once the tissue is removed, it is sent to tissue banks for processing and distribution. Each year, tissue banks accredited by the American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB) distribute 1.5 million bone and tissue allografts. These banks are also regulated by the FDA to ensure the quality of the tissue being distributed. An allogeneic bone marrow transplant can result in an immune attack against the recipient, called graft-versus-host disease. Due to the genetic differences between the organ and the recipient, the recipient’s immune system will identify the organ as foreign and attempt to destroy it, causing transplant rejection. To prevent this, the organ recipient must take immunosuppressants. This dramatically affects the entire immune system, making the body vulnerable to pathogens.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Published in Yaser Dahman, Biomaterials Science and Technology, 2019
Where these treatments are used most are in cancer patients. The primary method of treating most types of cancer, particularly leukemia, is chemotherapy. A patient receives this therapy or some type of radiation treatment to destroy cancer cells, but unfortunately, healthy cells are also destroyed in the process (Murnaghan, 2016). A stem cell transplant is then a viable option to replace the lost or damaged cells with new, functional ones – it can provide red and white blood cells, as well as platelets that are important for metabolism, clotting, and immunity. Therefore, bone marrow transplants and blood stem cell transplants are most commonly used in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma (National Cancer Institute, 2013).
Efficacy of face masks, neck gaiters and face shields for reducing the expulsion of simulated cough-generated aerosols
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2021
William G. Lindsley, Francoise M. Blachere, Brandon F. Law, Donald H. Beezhold, John D. Noti
Studies using manikins (Lai, Poon, and Cheung 2012; Patel et al. 2016) and patients with respiratory infections (Leung et al. 2020; Milton et al. 2013) have shown that wearing medical face masks can reduce the dispersion of potentially infectious aerosols from patients. Two studies in which face masks were required for visitors and healthcare workers interacting with patients in bone marrow transplant centers found a reduction in respiratory viral infections among patients (Sokol et al. 2016; Sung et al. 2016). Studies of cloth face masks have suggested that they also can be effective at reducing the release of respiratory aerosols into the environment (Asadi et al. 2020; Davies et al. 2013; Konda et al. 2020). Several computational fluid dynamics studies have examined the generation and expulsion of respiratory aerosols and have provided important insights into the ability of face coverings to reduce the dispersion of large and small aerosols from the wearer (Dbouk and Drikakis 2020; Mittal, Ni, and Seo 2020).
A Comparison of Different Bayesian Models for Leukemia Data
Published in American Journal of Mathematical and Management Sciences, 2022
Maria Rafique, Sajid Ali, Ismail Shah, Bilal Ashraf
Treatment of Leukemia may include a combination of chemotherapy, radiation treatment, and bone marrow transplant, in addition to intensive and palliative care. The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the individual. The average five-year survival rate of leukemia is 57% among the patients in the United States of America (Sharma et al., 2018). In children under 15, the five-year survival rate is more noteworthy, i.e., (60 − 85)%, depending on the type of leukemia. In 2015, the leukemia patients were estimated to be around 2.3 million worldwide with 353,500 deaths are recorded due to this disease (World Health Organization, 2014).
Personal protective equipment doffing practices of healthcare workers
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Linh T. Phan, Dayana Maita, Donna C. Mortiz, Rachel Weber, Charissa Fritzen-Pedicini, Susan C. Bleasdale, Rachael M. Jones
The study occurred in nine units in the hospital, which were classified into three groups: (1) Intensive Care Units (ICUs), which included the Neurological ICU, the Medical ICU and the Step Down unit; (2) non-ICUs, which included the Rehabilitation/Orthopedics unit, the Clinical Decision/Observation unit, the General Medical Surgical unit and the Liver/Gastroenterology unit; and (3) specialty units, which included the Bone Marrow Transplant and Hematology-Oncology units. The unit groupings were based on unit workflow and patient medical conditions.