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Osteoimmunomodulation with Biomaterials
Published in Nihal Engin Vrana, Biomaterials and Immune Response, 2018
Bengü Aktaş, Bora Garipcan, Zehra Betül Ahi, Kadriye Tuzlakoğlu, Emre Ergene, Pınar Yılgör Huri
All of these immune cells have distinct precursors and very specific roles in the inflammatory reaction. For example, monocytes are cells formed by precursor cells, called monoblasts, present in the bone marrow. These cells circulate via the bloodstream. During inflammation, monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate to the tissues. Then, they differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells under the influence of various growth factors and cytokines within tissues. Tissue macrophages are the first line of the body’s defence mechanism and their primary action is to perform phagocytosis to digest any foreign substance to the body [18]. Granulocytes are a group of white blood cells with small granules in their cytoplasm. There are three different types of granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Neutrophils kill the invaders in three different ways: phagocytosis, secretion of soluble antimicrobials and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Eosinophils are very important for fighting against parasitic infections as their granules contain cathepsin, which is a unique toxic protein. Basophils are responsible for immune response during the formation of acute and chronic allergic diseases [19].
Bioartificial organs
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
Finally, IgE also exists as a single antibody molecule and has a molecular weight of about 200,000 g mol−1. The Fc fragment of the IgE molecule binds with high affinity to specific receptors found on mast cells and basophils. Mast cells are found outside of the capillaries within the connective tissue region (see Figure 10.3). Mast cells are involved in the process of inflammation and are responsible for the secretion of heparin into the blood as well as histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin. Basophils are a type of white blood cell or granulocyte that mediates the inflammation process through release of these same substances. When antigen binds to two adjacent cell surface-bound IgE molecules, the cell (mast or basophil) becomes activated and releases a host of potent biologically active compounds such as histamine. These agents are responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of the blood vessels. In normal situations, these changes facilitate the movement of the immune system components, such as white blood cells, antibodies, and complement, into localized sites of inflammation and infection. However, in people with allergies, a particular antigen, in this case called an allergen, stimulates the IgE on the surface of mast cells and basophils, leading to the unwanted effects of an allergic reaction.
White Blood Cell Classification Using Conventional and Deep Learning Techniques
Published in Archana Mire, Vinayak Elangovan, Shailaja Patil, Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis, 2022
P. Pandiyan, Rajasekaran Thangaraj, S. Srinivasulu Raju, Vishnu Kumar Kaliappan, B. Lalitha
Neutrophils have two subpopulations that are unequal in volume and defend against fungal and bacterial infections. They are called neutrophil cagers and neutrophil killers. Eosinophils are responsible for parasitic infections, allergies, disease of the spleen, collagen disease, and the central nervous system. Basophils rise in response to antigens and allergic responses by discharging histamine to enlarge the blood vessels. Monocytes are helpful in destroying attackers but also enable repair and healing. Lymphocytes aid immune blood cells to associate with other external organisms, viz. antigens and microorganisms, to eliminate them from the body.
Exposure to organic and inorganic traffic-related air pollutants alters haematological and biochemical indices in albino mice Mus musculus
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2020
Azis Kemal Fauzie, G. V. Venkataramana
Animals were anaesthetised using chloroform and sacrificed directly after the termination of exposure period. Blood samples were drawn from the heart and collected in heparinised anti-clotting tubes containing EDTA (tripotassium salt). Haematological parameters of study animals such as haemoglobin (Hb), haematrocrit or packed cell volume (PCV), leukocyte or white blood cell (WBC) total count, neutrophil (Neu), eosinophil (Eos), basophil (Bas), monocyte (Mon) and lymphocyte (Lym) differential counts, erythrocyte or red blood cell (RBC) count, and thrombocyte or platelet (PLT) count were assessed in the laboratory by using an automated haematological analyser, Sysmex XP-100. The analyser also measured other biochemical parameters in the blood plasma including the levels of triglyceride (Trig), total cholesterol (Chol), serum albumin (Alb), and total protein (Prot).
The acute effect of training fire exercises on fire service instructors
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Emily R. Watkins, Mark Hayes, Peter Watt, Alan J. Richardson
A venous blood sample (10 mL) was taken from the anti-cubital fossa by a phlebotomist during the rest period at the beginning of the day and within 30 min of the last exercise of the day. Samples were collected into EDTA tubes. The delay in sampling post exercise was due to FSI ensuring the safety of FF and the removal of PPE. Samples were analyzed for complete blood counts (CBC) by an automated hematology analyzer (XT2000i, Sysmex, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK), within 2 hr of collection. Hematological variables recorded from the CBC included: white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil count (NEUT), lymphocyte count (LYMPH), monocyte count (MONO), eosinophil count (EO), and basophil count (BASO). Blood samples were subsequently centrifuged at 4,500 rpm for a period of 10 min at 4 °C to separate plasma. Plasma was pipetted into 1.5 mL microtubes and stored at −86 °C for later IL-6 and CR-P ELISA analysis (Duosets, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). IL-6 intra assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.6% and inter assay CV was 11.1%. CR-P intra/inter assay CV were 5.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Plasma was also analyzed for cTnT using an electrochemiluminescence assay (Roche Modular E170, 5th generation, Basel, Switzerland), which had an upper reference limit based on the 99th percentile of 14 ng.L−1. Post-day hematology variables were corrected for changes in plasma volume.[32]
Does occupational ionizing radiation exposure in healthcare workers affect their hematological parameters?
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
Nejdiye Güngördü, Seher Kurtul, Ayşenur Özdil, Mehmet Sarper Erdoğan
This study evaluated the 2020-2021 periodical health examination data for the healthcare personnel working in the Hospital of Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine; the data was obtained from the Occupational Health and Safety Unit. Hematological parameters obtained during the periodic examinations of a total of 339 healthcare workers with and without IR exposure were compared (169 radiation workers and 170 controls). The IR exposure group was matched with the control group in terms of age and gender. In blood samples of healthcare workers, white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocytes (Lymph), neutrophils (Neu), monocytes (Mono), eosinophil, basophil, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red-cell distribution width (RDW), platelet (Plt) were measured. Those exposed to occupational IR for at least 1 year were included in the IR group. Participants with severe anemia, known history of diabetes, cardiopulmonary disease, acute or chronic infection, autoimmune disease, history of malignancy, and pregnant women were excluded from this study. Hematological parameters were assessed using the Sysmex–Mmindray–Njhoneoden analyzer in a standard laboratory. Written informed consent was obtained from each individual participating in the study. Annual ambient and personal IR measurements were performed regularly in the hospital, and the results were within the limit values determined by the ICRP. The radiation committee of the hospital monitors the annual individual dosimetry measurements of the healthcare workers and informs the occupational health and safety unit when abnormal measurements are detected.