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Analysis of Recurrent Neural Network and Convolution Neural Network Techniques in Blood Cell Classification
Published in Rekh Ram Janghel, Rohit Raja, Korhan Cengiz, Hiral Raja, Next Generation Healthcare Systems Using Soft Computing Techniques, 2023
There are five type of white blood cells in the human body, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils [11]. Each of these blood cells has some unique function. Monocytes are responsible for fighting off chronic infections, whereas lymphocytes are responsible for fighting infections. Eosinophils are responsible for fighting infections caused by parasites, basophils are responsible for fighting allergic reactions, and neutrophils constitute the largest among the white blood cells and search for and fight bacteria and fungus. Figure 2.2 shows the different types of white blood cells found in the human body according to their proportions.
Need for Medical Imaging and Its Modalities
Published in V. Rajinikanth, K. Kamalanand, C. Emmanuel, B. Thayumanavan, Biomedical Signal and Image Examination With Entropy-Based Techniques, 2020
V. Rajinikanth, K. Kamalanand, C. Emmanuel, B. Thayumanavan
The commonly followed disease evaluation procedures are known as the common/traditional techniques. In this procedure, when a patient approaches the doctor with disease symptoms, the doctor will execute a sequence of examination procedures as per the general medical protocol. This procedures involves in; (i) personal verification, (ii) body temperature assessment, (iii) age, gender and weight assessment, (iv) assessment of the previous disease history, and (v) collecting and evaluation the blood samples to verify the blood level infection and the white-blood-cell count.
Toxic Responses of the Blood
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
The red blood cells, or erythrocytes, carry hemoglobin in the circulation. In mammals, they lose their nuclei before entering the circulation. In man, they survive in the circulation for an average of 120 days. The average normal red blood cell count is 5.4 × 106 cells/μL in men and 4.8 × 106 cells/μL in women. In contrast, there are normally 4,000 to 10,000 white blood cells/μL of blood. Of these, the granulocyte, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are the most numerous. Most of the white blood cells contain neutrophilic granules (neutrophils), but a few contain granules that stain with acid dyes (eosinophil) and some have basophilic granules (basophil). The other two cell types found normally in peripheral blood are lymphocytes and monocytes. The platelets are small, granulated bodies and there are about 300,000/μL of circulating blood.
Updates in immunocompatibility of biomaterials: applications for regenerative medicine
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Mahdi Rezaei, Farideh Davani, Mohsen Alishahi, Fatemeh Masjedi
The immune system protects the body organs from foreign threats and maintains their stable hemostasis [16]. The immune system consists of many cells and organs that are widely spread throughout the body [17]. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are the main elements of the immune systems and generally are classified into phagocytes, which eat and break down the pathogens, and lymphocytes, which have the role of remembering and recognizing the invaders. B lymphocytes reside in the bone marrow and are responsible for producing antibodies and alerting T lymphocytes. T cells stay in the thymus, remove the body compromised cells, and alert other leukocytes [18]. A functional immune system ought to protect against external pathogens while not harming the body organs. Therefore, it has a complex recognition system based on detecting the protein on the surface of cells to discriminate the ‘self’ from ‘non-self’ [19]. When a pathogen is spotted by B cells, they secrete specific antigens (antibody generators), which can kill it or help other leukocytes detect them. T cells either coordinate the immune response, stimulate the B cells to secrete more antigens, or attack cells [20] (Figure 2).
Effects of an environmentally relevant PCB-mixture on immune function, clinical chemistry, and thyroid hormone levels in adult female B6C3F1 mice
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Patricia A. Fair, Margie M. Peden-Adams, Meagan A.M. Mollenhauer, Gregory D. Bossart, Deborah E. Keil, Natasha D. White
Complete blood cell counts (CBC) [white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, and platelets] were determined using an automated analyzer (Bayer ADVIA 120, Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY). Differential leukocyte counts (neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes), as part of the CBC, were performed by microscopic examination of modified Wright-Giemsa stained blood smears (Bayer Healthcare, Tarrytown, NY). The serum chemistry analytes (glucose, total protein, calcium, BUN, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amylase, total bilirubin, and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) were measured with an automated analyzer (Roche Hitachi 917, Indianapolis, IN). Other serum analytes were not measured including sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, iron, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, anion gap, creatinine, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin, magnesium, γ- glutamyltransferase, and total iron-binding capacity due to low serum volumes resulting in small sample sizes from 1 to 3 for some treatment groups.
Optimized Haar wavelet-based blood cell image denoising with improved multiverse optimization algorithm
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
M. Mohana Dhas, N. Suresh Singh
The effective functioning of the human body depends on blood and its components. Erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets, and leukocytes (white blood cells) are the three main types of blood cells. WBCs, which make up around 1% of the blood, are the most important component in the body’s immune response process. The bone marrow produces white blood cells, which are found in the blood and lymph tissues. Basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils are the five types of white blood cells. Each form of WBC is significant in its own way. Monocytes are white blood cells that break down any bacterium that enters the body and live longer than the other WBCs.