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Microbial Food-borne Diseases Due to Climate Change
Published in Javid A. Parray, Suhaib A. Bandh, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbes, 2022
John Mohd War, Anees Un Nisa, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd Yaqub Bhat
It is a nonmotile, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacterium present in every habitat and responsible for food-borne illness like shigellosis and bacillary dysentery. The causal organisms of shigellosis are one of the many types of Shigella bacteria (Yang et al., 2005). The bacillary dysentery, that is, severe shigellosis is caused by three species of Shigella, that is, S. sonnei, S. Flexneri, and S. dysenteriae (WHO 2018). S. sonnei was the sole pathogen causing bacillary dysentery in Yazd Province Iran (Aminharati et al., 2018). The most common and prime source of infection is through personal contact (transmission via oral or fecal route) and also by contaminated foods and water (Louise et al., 2020). The person develops symptoms within 1–7 days of infection. The disease is characterized with stomach cramps, fever, nausea, and diarrhea that contains mucus and may be bloody in severe shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). About 20% of the hospitalized patients suffering from shigellosis die, raising a concern for developing health strategies to manage this disease (Kotloff et al., 1999). Although any one can get infected with this disease but children between 2 and 4 years of age are more prone to such diseases.
Risk Assessment in Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse
Published in Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, 2020
Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid
Following are some of the major pathogenic bacteria found in wastewater and the diseases associated with them.16,17,20,21Salmonella typhi: causes typhoid fever, diarrhea.Salmonella paratyphi: causes paratyphoid fever, enteric infections.Salmonella typhiniurium: causes food poisoning, salmonellosis.Shigella sonnei: causes shigellosis (bacillary dysentery).Mycobacterium tuberculosis: causes tuberculosis.Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: causes diarrhea or gastroenteritis.Vibrio cholerae: causes cholera, diarrhea, and dehydration.Yersina enterocolitica: causes diarrhea or gastroenteritis.Francisella tularensis: causes tularemia.Leptospira interrogans: causes leptospirosis, jaundice (Weil’s disease).
Socioeconomic factors and bacillary dysentery risk in Jiangsu Province, China: a spatial investigation using Bayesian hierarchical models
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Sabrina Li, Alexandra M. Schmidt, Susan J. Elliott
Bacillary dysentery (BD) is an enteric infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella, which is responsible for about 165 million cases and more than 1 million deaths every year, mostly in the developing world (World Health Organization 2014). BD is the third most commonly reported infectious disease (Xiao et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2019) in China and causes a considerable disease burden among children and the elderly (Wang et al. 2006). Transmission of Shigella occurs via the fecal-oral route, including orally through contact with contaminated food and water or through sexual contact. Symptoms can range from abdominal pain, painful bowel movements, to watery diarrhea with blood. Currently, finding an effective treatment for BD is a significant challenge as over 90% of Shigella isolates in China are resistant to several first-line antibiotics (Wang et al. 2006; Qu et al. 2014). Thus, understanding the spatial distribution of BD cases and potential risk factors can enhance disease prevention and control efforts.