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Eradication of Personal Care Products by Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials
Published in Uma Shanker, Manviri Rani, Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials for Water Pollutants Remediation, 2022
Rachna, Uma Shanker, Manviri Rani
Sterilization of health care and hospitals is done using various antiseptic and disinfectant compounds. These include chemicals such as iodine, chlorine, and alcohol. Triclosan, triclocarban, and benzotriazole are the most commonly used compounds. However, over-exposure of these is thought to cause microbial resistance (Brausch and Rand 2011).
Respiratory and Other Personal Protective Equipment
Published in Neil McManus, Safety and Health in Confined Spaces, 2018
A number of terms in common English usage have specific microbiological significance (Block, 1977). An antiseptic prevents or arrests the growth or action of microorganisms, either by inhibiting their activity or destroying them. The mode of action may depend on temperature, duration of contact, pH, nature of the organism, presence of organic matter, and other factors. Disinfection is the process of destroying disease or other microorganisms, but not ordinary bacterial spores. Disinfectants kill the growing forms, but not necessarily the resistant spore forms of bacteria. Some disinfectants kill spores of specific organisms and inactivate specific viruses. Sanitization is disinfection to levels considered safe according to public health criteria (for example, 99.9% or more). A product that is a disinfectant at one dilution could be a sanitizer at another. Sterilization is the act or process of destroying or eliminating all forms of life, especially microorganisms. Sterilization conveys an absolute meaning, not a relative one.
Nanofibers: General Aspects and Applications
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Drug Delivery Approaches and Nanosystems, 2017
Raghavendra Ramalingam, Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
Infection and bacterial colonization are the most important factors in delayed wound healing. Hence antimicrobial dressings containing certain antibiotics or antiseptics are key for infection control as well as in promoting topical wound recovery (Joshi et al., 2014). Duan et al. (2007)produced antimicrobial nanofibers of poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) by electrospinning PCL solution with small amounts of silver-loaded zirconium phosphate nanoparticles (nano AgZr) for potential use in wound-dressing applications. The result showed that the fibers possessed strong killing ability against the tested bacteria strains (gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative E. coli (ATCC 25922) and no discoloration was observed. The nanofibers biocompatibility was tested by culturing primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) on the fibrous mats, the results indicated that the cells attached and proliferated as continuous layers on the nano AgZr-containing nanofibers and maintained the healthy morphology. Ignatova et al. (2007) showed that electrospinning of PVP – iodine complex and PEO/PVP – iodine complex as prospective route to antimicrobial wound dressing materials.
Comparative study of ultrasound pretreatment method with conventional hydrodistillation method for extraction of essential oil from Piper betle L. (Paan)
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2022
Nilesh L. Jadhav, Pravin A. Garule, Dipak V. Pinjari
The green leaves of betel vine are widely known as paan in India and have a strong pungent aromatic flavour. The scientific name of betel vine is Piper betle L. It comes under the Piperaceae family [1]. More than 100 varieties of betel leaf are in world, among them 40 are found in India [2–4]. The P. betle leaf is consumed by about 15–20 million people in the India. India is the largest producer of betel leaves in the world producing a crop worth about Rs. 9000 million every year of which over 10 per cent of the leaves go waste due to various reasons. In order to minimise such type of wastage, people extract essential oil from surplus betel leaf. The essential oil of betel leaf has number of applications such as manufacturing perfumes, mouth fresheners and pharmaceuticals [5]. Betel leaves are traditionally used for chewing with many other ingredients like aniseed, clove, cardamom, sweetener, coconut scrapings, sliced areca nut, ashes of diamond, slaked lime, gold, coriander, pearl, silver, flavouring agent, jelly, pepper mint, fruit pulp, etc. [6,7]. Another use of betel leaf essential oil is a remedy for skin disorders, respiratory problems and as food additive. Betel leaf essential oil has an antifungal, antioxidant, antiseptic and antibacterial properties [7].
A source-to-sea approach to emerging pollutants in freshwater and oceans: pharmaceuticals in the Baltic Sea region
Published in Water International, 2021
Sarantuyaa Zandaryaa, Dmitry Frank-Kamenetsky
The national reporting by these countries included data on pharmaceuticals in the following seven main therapeutic groups: Anti-inflammatory and analgesics.Antimicrobial (antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, disinfectant, antiseptic) and antidote.Cardiovascular agents.Central nervous system agents.Chemotherapeutic agents and X-ray contrast media.Hormones and hormone antagonists.Metabolic agents and gastrointestinal agents.
The colloidal and release properties of cardamom oil encapsulated nanostructured lipid carrier
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Fatemeh Keivani Nahr, Babak Ghanbarzadeh, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Hamed Hamishehkar, Mohammadyar Hoseini
Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) is a plant species native to Southeast Asia belonging to the family of Zingiberaceae.[1] Its dried fruit has a pleasant aroma, and it is used as a flavoring agent for food products[2] and also in the medicinal preparations. Cardamom essential oil (CEO) is the most important constituent of this plant that is obtained from dried fruit by steam distillation or solvent extraction. Essential oil or oleoresin contains the volatile essential oils of the plant as well as non-volatiles such as fixed oils, antioxidants such as phenolic compounds and pigments.[3] Essential oils are used in the food industry as flavorings agents. CEO is a colorless or very pale yellow liquid with an aromatic, penetrating odor and a strongly aromatic taste.[4] The major compounds of CEO are 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, terpinyl acetate, d-limonene, sabinene and borneol.[5] CEO shows antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, carminative and diuretic activities.[3] CEO can be used as a functional food component representing higher health benefits compared to ordinary food products.