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Viral and Bacterial Infection Prevention Through Intentional Design
Published in AnnaMarie Bliss, Dak Kopec, Architectural Factors for Infection and Disease Control, 2023
Debra Harris, Denise N. Williams
For example, hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and as an effective disinfectant for building surface materials, furniture, and equipment.66–69 Hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) disinfection systems are specifically being used to disinfect whole rooms to reduce patient exposure to hospital pathogens in the health care environment. When testing the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide in improving disinfection of intensive care unit rooms contaminated with multidrug-resistant organisms after patient discharge, HPV was determined effective when aerosolized hydrogen peroxide was combined with peracetic acid.70 However, it must be considered that hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid are corrosive and, over time, may damage some plastic and polymer surface materials. Another limitation of the HPV system is the 2 to 2.5 hours required to disinfect a room. Thus, environmental services may disregard HPV as an option due to time constraints.
MOF-based Electrochemical Sensors for Hydrogen Peroxide
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tahir Rasheed, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Muhammad Bilal, Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Hybrid Materials for Environmental Sensing and Monitoring, 2022
Saadat Majeed, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Naeem Akhtar Khan, Batool Fatima, Sabahat Majeed, Saima Anjum, Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq, Fahad Ali, Sayed Tayyab Raza Naqvi
Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent, colorless, and weakly acidic liquid that is commercially available in different range of concentrations. It is used for various processes such as oxidizing agents and preparation of per-oxygen compounds, textiles, and in the bleaching industry. It occurs in water as well as the in atmosphere that is produced by a photochemical process and the photolysis of O3 and aldehydes, respectively. It is also present in living bodies such as blue-green algae and the bombardier beetle. It is found in humans with a concentration ranging from 300–1000 mg/m3.
Disinfecting Agents
Published in James Agalloco, Phil DeSantis, Anthony Grilli, Anthony Pavell, Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 2021
Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most common disinfectants in the industrial marketplace. The product is commonly used as an antiseptic in hospitals or for consumer use at a 3% solution. In the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, hydrogen peroxide is used at 35% as a sterilant in isolators and at 3%–10% for surface disinfection. Dependent upon the concentration used, hydrogen peroxide is effective against bacteria, yeasts, viruses, and bacterial spores. Destruction of spores is greatly increased both with a rise in temperature and increase in concentration. Hydrogen peroxide is a clear, colorless liquid that is environmentally friendly as it can rapidly degrade into water and oxygen. Although generally stable, most hydrogen peroxide formulations contain a preservative to prevent decomposition. At lower concentrations (3%–10%), the chemical is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and bacterial endospores in lower enumerations. However, at higher concentrations and longer contact times, the product exhibits superior sporicidal reduction of bacterial spores. Some of the positive features of the product are its mild, if any, odor and its low residue characteristics. However, the product also has some drawbacks in exceeding OSHA exposure limits if used in confinement in too large a quantity. Precautions should be taken for its use. Rendering of these products as sterile is a must prior to use in Class 100 (Grade A and B, ISO 5) and adjacent Class 10,000 (Grade C, ISO 7) areas. Sterilization of disinfection agents is discussed in depth in Section 24.9.
Therapeutic Effects and Uses of Ozone in Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Saad Liaqat, Samia Tariq, Irum Hayat, Bakhtawar Mobeen, Sarmad Fayyaz, Humaira Jabeen, Saira Khalid, Nawshad Muhammad, Muhammad Adnan Khan
The advances in ozone therapy in dentistry are meeting the demands of the public for painless, noninvasive, and effective dental caries. The efficiency of topical ozone and ozonized water found pronounced effects in bleaching and teeth whitening. These agents in conjugation with hydrogen peroxide showed prominent whitening effects when applied over discolored teeth. A study to show the efficiency of office tooth bleaching showed similar outcomes as bleaching with ozone and hydrogen peroxide as shown in Table 1. A study was done to evaluate the effects of tooth mousse and ozone on bleaching, showing the reducing effects of ozone as shown in Table 1. The antimicrobial effects of ozone investigated by the researchers showed a wide range of outcomes. 0.1 ppm ozonized water was found effective in plaque microbial load reduction as shown in Table 1. Ozone therapy does not supersede the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity but ozone in combination with fluoride desensitizer is indicated for hypersensitive dentin treatment. Ozone therapy with a combination of nano-hydroxyapatite gel produces a significant effect on the remineralization of enamel as shown in Table 1. Ozone application decreases the micro tensile bond strength between composite resin and dentin if it is used before placement of the restoration. Ozone use as nano-bubble water irrigation proved to be a valuable and beneficial adjunct to periodontal treatment. Moreover, topical gaseous ozone has an immense antimicrobial effect intraorally as well as shown in Table 1.
A new hybrid method to determine the hazardous risk factors
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2022
Esra Dinler, Kumru Didem Atalay, Ezgi Güler
In the United States, approximately 46.5 million surgical procedures and even more invasive medical procedures are performed each year. Each procedure involves contacting the patient’s sterile tissue or mucous membranes with a medical device or surgical instrument. The primary risk of all these procedures is the emergence of pathogens that can lead to infection (Rutala and Weber 2019). Sterilization is the process whereby a substance is purified from microorganisms on or in the substance—the killing of all living microorganisms, including bacterial spores (Sandler 2013). The method developed in this study uses data obtained on hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilizer. Hydrogen peroxide is a highly reactive substance that reacts with essential cell components and disrupts the metabolism of microorganisms (Moisan et al. 2001).
Application of AOPs in the treatment of OSPAR chemicals and a comparative cost analysis
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Katherine Huddersman, Aghogho Ekpruke, Leo Asuelimen
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidising agent (E° = 1.77) that has long been used in environmental treatment and other industrial applications (Lide, 2006). One of the critical advantages of hydrogen peroxide over other oxidants is that it is largely safe, easy to handle and environmentally friendly as it readily decomposes into water and oxygen over time (Pignatello et al., 2006). However while hydrogen peroxide can oxidise some organic compounds, such reactions are generally thought to be too slow (Watts & Teel, 2005). In addition, hydrogen peroxide alone is not so effective at mineralising recalcitrant compounds. Thus, they are not very many environmental treatment applications solely based on hydrogen peroxide (Petri, Watts, Teel, Huling, & Brown, 2011).