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Viral and Bacterial Infection Prevention Through Intentional Design
Published in AnnaMarie Bliss, Dak Kopec, Architectural Factors for Infection and Disease Control, 2023
Debra Harris, Denise N. Williams
For example, hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and as an effective disinfectant for building surface materials, furniture, and equipment.66–69 Hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) disinfection systems are specifically being used to disinfect whole rooms to reduce patient exposure to hospital pathogens in the health care environment. When testing the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide in improving disinfection of intensive care unit rooms contaminated with multidrug-resistant organisms after patient discharge, HPV was determined effective when aerosolized hydrogen peroxide was combined with peracetic acid.70 However, it must be considered that hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid are corrosive and, over time, may damage some plastic and polymer surface materials. Another limitation of the HPV system is the 2 to 2.5 hours required to disinfect a room. Thus, environmental services may disregard HPV as an option due to time constraints.
Hydrogel for Sensing Applications
Published in Anujit Ghosal, Ajeet Kaushik, Intelligent Hydrogels in Diagnostics and Therapeutics, 2020
Tamal Sarkar, Tarun Kumar Dhiman, Partima R. Solanki
Hydrogen peroxide: It is also clinically significant and has various industrial applications as an oxidizing, sterilizing, and bleaching agent. Detection of hydrogen peroxide takes significant priority in biological, environmental, and clinical studies and industries [88]. Kim et al. reported the detection of H2O2 using poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel containing HRP based on an intracellular optical nanosensor [89]. Varma and Mattisson fabricated an amperometric H2O2 sensor in water and organic solvents [90]. They constructed a two-electrode system with hydrogel (30% polyacrylamide gel entrapping catalase) in a Teflon rod and platinum (Pt) electrode. Yan et al. were successful in detecting H2O2 through enzyme-based optical biosensors [91]. They constructed a microstructure, which acted as a sensing agent, using photolithographic patterning of a PEG hydrogel in which HRP was already incorporated. Amplex Red, oxidized to resorufin (fluorescent) as HRP reacted to H2O2, was immobilized within the PEG hydrogel along with enzymes. When H2O2 produced after mitogenic stimulation of macrophages, fluorescence appeared in the hydrogel microstructures as shown in Figure 5.7.
Plastics
Published in Ronald M. Scott, in the WORKPLACE, 2020
A sampling of commonly used catalysts is shown in Table 7.6. Reactions to form addition polymers very often proceed by a free radical mechanism. Such a mechanism requires a source of free radicals, structures with unpaired electrons, to initiate the chemical reaction. Most often, organic peroxides are used. Around 50 different such compounds are available, primarily peresters and percarbonates. Benzoyl peroxide and MEK peroxide are representative and frequently encountered examples. Peroxides share similar properties, all being strong oxidizing agents capable of reacting violently with appropriate substances. Skin irritation and burns are likely on contact with peroxides, and severe eye damage is possible. Benzoyl peroxide is a sensitizer; chronic exposure leads to an allergic rash. It has a PEL of 5 mg/m3, and an IDLH level of 1000 mg/m3. Both from the standpoint of hazard due to direct contact and because of a potentially violent reaction, waste or spilled peroxides should be diluted with water, and any rags used in the cleanup of spills similarly should be put in water. The rate of chemical decomposition of the compounds increases with temperature, and contact with combustibles such as paper or wood can lead to fires.
Electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide on a gold nanoparticle–nitrogen-doped graphene glassy carbon electrode
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2018
Fang Liu, Jingwei Zhang, Yanan Liu, Shuyan Niu, Jun Wan
Hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in fermentation and food industry, as a bleaching agent for textiles, as an oxidizer for dyes, as an active reagent in chemical synthesis and in detoxicating organic pollutants, as an energy storage medium for fuel cells, and in the field of cell pathology.[22,23] As a consequence of the increasing importance of hydrogen peroxide, adequate and efficient methods are necessary to determine its concentration. Several analytical techniques have been used for determination of hydrogen peroxide. These include chromatographic method, titrimetry, infrared spectroscopy,[24] Raman spectroscopy,[25] chemiluminescence,[26] and electrochemical methods. Electrochemical methods has attracted considerable interest due to the high sensitivity, fast response, low-cost, and convenient operation.
Application of AOPs in the treatment of OSPAR chemicals and a comparative cost analysis
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Katherine Huddersman, Aghogho Ekpruke, Leo Asuelimen
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidising agent (E° = 1.77) that has long been used in environmental treatment and other industrial applications (Lide, 2006). One of the critical advantages of hydrogen peroxide over other oxidants is that it is largely safe, easy to handle and environmentally friendly as it readily decomposes into water and oxygen over time (Pignatello et al., 2006). However while hydrogen peroxide can oxidise some organic compounds, such reactions are generally thought to be too slow (Watts & Teel, 2005). In addition, hydrogen peroxide alone is not so effective at mineralising recalcitrant compounds. Thus, they are not very many environmental treatment applications solely based on hydrogen peroxide (Petri, Watts, Teel, Huling, & Brown, 2011).
Thermal stability evaluation of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate mixed with impurities
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Yilin Zhao, Nengcheng Zhou, Min Hua, Xiuxia Guo, Wenxing Zhang, Huichun Jiang, Xuhai Pan, Juncheng Jiang
Tert-butyl perbenzoate (TBPB) is often used as an organic peroxide initiator in the production of polystyrene. Organic peroxides are defined as organic compounds containing o-o bonds formed by the replacement of hydrogen atoms in hydrogen peroxide by alkyl, acyl, and aromatic groups. Due to the presence of peroxide bonds in the structure of the substance, these substances are unstable and are prone to decomposition reactions when heated, releasing large amounts of heat, which can lead to explosive accidents. Accidents due to organic peroxide explosions are frequent in the chemical industry (Chen et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2001), and the consequences are often severe.