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Modeling of Polymerization Processes
Published in E. Robert Becker, Carmo J. Pereira, Computer-Aided Design of Catalysts, 2020
Organic peroxides are widely used as initiators for free-radical polymerization of vinyl and diene monomers, as curing agents for the thermoset resins and, as cross-linking agents for elastomers. There are nine major different types of peroxide initiators that are commercially produced for the polymer and resin industries: diacyl peroxides, acetyl alkylsulfonyl peroxides, dialkyl peroxydicarbonates, tert-alkyl peroxyesters, OO-tert-alkyl-O-alkyl monoperoxycarbonates, di-(tert-alkyl)per(oxy)ketals, di-tert-alkyl peroxides, tert-alkyl hydroperoxides, and ketone peroxides. The selection of initiator types or compositions (e.g., single or mixed) for a specific polymerization is made based on the thermal decomposition characteristics (e.g., half-life), compatibility with reacting fluid, polymer properties obtainable by the initiator, and the cost.
Terms and Definitions
Published in Rick Houghton, William Bennett, Emergency Characterization of Unknown Materials, 2020
Rick Houghton, William Bennett
Organic peroxides are special oxidizers in that they contain an oxidizing portion and a reducing portion in the same molecule. In other words, an organic peroxide molecule contains both fuel and oxidizer tied together. The missing side of the fire triangle is the energy portion necessary to initiate combustion. When peroxides degrade, it is often carbon dioxide that is released, not oxygen. The decomposition of the organic peroxide may be violent enough to burn or explode. For the fire to spread to other nearby objects, atmospheric oxygen is necessary to support combustion.
Physical Hazard Characterization
Published in George G. Lowry, Robert C. Lowry, Handbook of Hazard Communication and OSHA Requirements, 2017
George G. Lowry, Robert C. Lowry
An organic peroxide is a derivative of hydrogen peroxide in which one or both hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an organic radical or radicals. This definition also covers the class of compounds known to chemists as organic hydroperoxides. Examples include methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and benzoyl peroxide.
Thermal stability evaluation of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate mixed with impurities
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Yilin Zhao, Nengcheng Zhou, Min Hua, Xiuxia Guo, Wenxing Zhang, Huichun Jiang, Xuhai Pan, Juncheng Jiang
Tert-butyl perbenzoate (TBPB) is often used as an organic peroxide initiator in the production of polystyrene. Organic peroxides are defined as organic compounds containing o-o bonds formed by the replacement of hydrogen atoms in hydrogen peroxide by alkyl, acyl, and aromatic groups. Due to the presence of peroxide bonds in the structure of the substance, these substances are unstable and are prone to decomposition reactions when heated, releasing large amounts of heat, which can lead to explosive accidents. Accidents due to organic peroxide explosions are frequent in the chemical industry (Chen et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2001), and the consequences are often severe.