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Build a Milk Quality Testing Device
Published in Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh, fied!, 2023
Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh
In chemistry, pH (potential of hydrogen or power of hydrogen) is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. A solution that has the solvent as water is known as an aqueous solution. The pH scale is inversely proportional to the molar concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution: pH=−log10[H+]
Hazardous Materials
Published in Reginald L. Campbell, Roland E. Langford, Terry L. McArthur, Fundamentals of Hazardous Materials Incidents, 2020
Reginald L. Campbell, Roland E. Langford, Terry L. McArthur
A few terms need defining:Industrial hygiene is the recognition, evaluation, and control of health hazards in the work environment.Incompatible chemicals are those substances that, when combined or placed in proximity to each other, may produce harmful results.Hazardous chemicals are those substances that, by themselves or when mixed with others, can produce harmful results.Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that take place in matter.
Hydrolysis
Published in Richard A. Larson, Eric J. Weber, Reaction Mechanisms in Environmental Organic Chemistry, 2018
Richard A. Larson, Eric J. Weber
Often there is confusion as to the definition of the term catalysis. A reaction is catalyzed if its rate is accelerated relative to the noncatalyzed pathway. A catalyst serves to alter the reaction mechanism of a chemical process by providing a new pathway with a lower potential-energy barrier. The Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC, 1981) definition of the term catalyst states “that a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction; the process is called catalysis, and a reaction in which a catalyst is involved is known as a catalyzed reaction.”
Playful experience design: reactivating public space in Cyprus, a case study perspective
Published in Journal of Urban Design, 2022
It has been stressed at various stages that this is not a model for design production; it is a model for the approach to a design project encouraging the creation of a catalyst for the redevelopment of public space. It is important to note that although the case study of Cyprus was presented during this research, the results present a level of analytical generalization and could be used and adapted to other settings. As suggested, the model may be adopted for similar cities, as well as for city regeneration projects. The aesthetics of any public design is not set, and designers are free to manipulate aesthetics dependent on the qualities of a site. The main notion is that the playful experience as a catalyst can do much more than just create a better overall aesthetic, it can facilitate sociability, conversation and enhanced space usage and place rediscovery. Experiences create interaction, and design has the possibility to create experience and generate similar and positive outcomes in various sites in various cities. In chemistry, a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the intended reaction, but is not consumed by the process. In the same vein, playful design should help achieve the intended design goal, without deflecting the attention from it.
An ab initio study of the bonding in BeH (X 2Σ+), BeH− (X 1Σ+), Be2(X 1Σ+ g ), O3 (X˜1A1), and CO3 (˜X 1A1) through an adiabatic to diabatic transformation
Published in Molecular Physics, 2023
Chemistry studies matter and its transformation at the atomic level. Its quantum mechanical theoretical description is greatly simplified by the introduction of the Born – Oppenheimer (BO) approximation which fixes in space the various nuclei of the molecular species. This way the various classical concepts of chemistry survive in the quantum realm [1,2]. Under the BO mathematical and computational scheme the atoms emerge as building blocks of the molecular species while the concept of the chemical bond acquires a legitimate quantum mechanical status. In order to understand its formation we usually need to spot it as a localized entity so we have to extract this ‘localized’ information from a rather complicated and delocalized molecular wavefunction.