China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction: Geology, Units and Background
Published in Ferdinand E. Banks, The Political Economy of Natural Gas, 2017
Next we come to units and conversion factors, and since the units that are associated with gas are much more unfamiliar than those associated with oil and coal, the discussion below will be more thorough than is usually the case. The designation one metric ton (=1 tonne = 1t) equals 2,205 pounds (lbs). In everyday life the usual ton is the short ton, or simply ton, which equals 2,000 pounds, and thus lt = 1.1023 tons. Finally, there is a long ton, which equals 2,240 pounds. In case the reader prefers working with kilograms, then it should be observed that 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds (and 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters).
Operating Wisely
Published in Kenneth E. Heselton, Boiler Operator’s Handbook, 2020
We also use pounds to measure force. Just like a weight of, say ten pounds, can bear down on a table when we set the weight down we can tip the table up with its feet against a wall and push on it to produce a force of ten pounds with the same effect. Weights can only act down, toward the center of the earth, but a force can be applied in any direction. Just like we can measure a weight with a scale we can put the scale (if it’s a spring loaded type) in any position and measure force; they’re both measured in pounds.
Design Properties of Materials
Published in Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener, Applied Strength of Materials, 2016
Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener
Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a material. Its usual units are kg/m3 in the SI and lb/in.3 in the U.S. Customary unit system, where the pound unit is taken to be pounds-mass. The Greek letter rho (ρ) is the symbol for density.
Green building outdoor thermal comfort in hot-desert climatic region
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Ghada Elshafei, Dušan Katunský, Martina Zeleňáková, Abdelazim Negm
The diagram shows a dry bulb temperature around the bottom and air humidity content up the side. The vertical axis can be defined as the humidity ratio of pounds of water per pound of dry air (or grams of water per kilogram of dry air) or as the vapor density. The curved row on the extreme left is the saturation axis (100% Relative Humidity line), which reflects the fact that air will hold low humidity at lesser temperatures than at higher temperatures. Each hour on this map is seen as a dot in the EPW file for climate data. Any dots can reflect over an hour, for example, when a specified temperature and humidity happen more than once in a month, the value of a given hour may follow the requirements for more than one strategy region. The psychrometric map above displays the design strategies (January–December) development techniques. This indicates that in that specific region, 7.1% cooling and 14.8% of heating are needed.
A spatial panel regression model to measure the effect of weather events on freight truck traffic
Published in Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2020
Taslima Akter, Suman Kumar Mitra, Sarah Hernandez, Karla Corro-Diaz
The prediction of both spatial and temporal effects of weather on truck traffic volumes can support and improve long-range transportation planning as well as maintenance operations. For instance, the predictive model developed in this paper can help state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) or local transportation agencies prioritize road maintenance and inclement weather operations for freight traffic. As an example, given a snow mass of approximately 2.2 pounds per sq. feet is predicted for a particular road segment with an average daily truck volume of 10,000 trucks, the dynamic SAR model could be used by decision makers to estimate that neighboring alternate roads will observe an increase of 70 trucks (0.7 percent) over the next several days. This could lead to decisions on where to apply deicing treatment along neighboring routes. Following the same example, but considering long-range planning contexts, the estimated number of rerouted trucks per day along with the estimated length of the detour can be used to calculate user costs to generate cost/benefit ratios needed for project prioritization. This would also be beneficial for resilience planning as a way to identify critical network links that may incur additional truck traffic during adverse weather conditions.
A study of companies’ business responses to fashion e-commerce’s environmental impact
Published in International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 2018
Rose Francoise Bertram, Ting Chi
Only 15% of used clothing is recycled or donated in America (Cline, 2014), but almost 100% of textiles can be recycled or in some way repurposed and thus avoid being sent to the landfill. For every one pound of clothing that is recycled or reused instead of thrown away, roughly 3 to 4 pounds of CO2 that would have been emitted are not (Recycling textiles, 2016). Consumer-to-consumer retailing is on the rise as a solution to reduce clothing waste. It brings brands that are normally priced at designer rates down to more affordable price points for the average consumer, especially Millennials. One of the most popular online consignment shops is Poshmark. This website also has an app from which users can easily upload clothes they would like to sell, with the value of items uploaded each day equalling more than $2 million. Other users can like and comment on these items as well as live-chat with one another to get more information about the products (‘Online consignment selling’, 2015).