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Designing for Mid-Torso Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Equating mid-torso shapes with fruit shapes is an intuitive and visual way to communicate body type (see Figure 6.10). Health and medicine fields use the images to convey a visual measure of the relationship between mid-torso shape and health. Waist/hip ratio (WHR) also is used to quantify mid-torso shapes. Abdominal obesity is defined as waist/hip ratio above 0.90 for males and above 0.85 for females. The WHO describes a body with more weight around the waist as apple-shaped, and at higher poor health risk than people with pear-shaped bodies (more weight around the hips) (Fu, Hofker, & Wijmenga, 2015).
Work stress induced weight gain in construction
Published in Imriyas Kamardeen, Work Stress Induced Chronic Diseases in Construction, 2021
When an individual perceives stress, HPA axis sends signals to the adrenal glands to secrete the hormone cortisol, which triggers processes that lead to overweight/obesity; i.e., (1) cortisol increases appetite and the motivation to eat (Epel et al. 2001), and (2) cortisol directly promotes fat deposition, particularly in the abdominal region (Björntorp 2001; Shibli-Rahhal, Van Beek and Schlechte 2006). Abdominal obesity is a toxic form of fat deposition that contributes to poor metabolic (insulin resistance) and cardiovascular health (Després, Lemieux and Prud’homme 2001).
Water and beverage consumption habits of adults in Turkey by gender and BMI: a cross-sectional survey
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Merve Pehlivan, Neda Saleki, Fatma Elif Sezer, Fatmanur Özyürek, Büşranur Delice, Hilal Hızlı Güldemir
Body weight measurements (kg) were measured with a calibrated electronic-precision weighing device sensitive to 0.1 kg while individuals were wearing thin clothes and without shoes. Height was measured without shoes while the participant’s head was in the Frankfurt plane and body weight was measured using a scale while the participant had only light clothes on. The waist circumference was measured using a non-stretchable measuring tape at the narrowest part of the waist, and the hip circumference at the widest part of the hip (Baysal 2019). Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference below 94 cm is “low risk”, 94–102 cm is “high risk” and more than 102 cm is “very high” of men; below 80 cm is “low risk”, 80–88 cm is “high risk” and more than 88 cm is “very high risk” for women. Waist to hip ratio is classified as<0.9 for men and<0.85 for women is “low risk”, ≥0.9 for men and≥0.85 for women is “high risk” (World Health Organization WHO 2008). BMI was calculated as weight/height2 (kg/m2) and study participants were categorized as underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) normal (18.5 kg/m2 <BMI<24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25 kg/m2 <BMI<29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) (World Health Organization WHO 2000).
Burnout syndrome and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional population-based study
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Magno Conceição das Merces, Julita Maria Freitas Coelho, Iracema Lua, Douglas de Souza e Silva, Antônio Marcos Tosoli Gomes, Amália Ivine Costa Santana, Dandara Almeida Reis da Silva, Lucélia Batista Neves Cunha Magalhães, Argemiro D’Oliveira Júnior
MS was considered as dependent variable and the diagnosis defined for each participant when three or more factors presented by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III17 were present, namely: 1) abdominal obesity based on abdominal circumference ≥ 102 cm (male) and ≥ 88 cm (female); 2) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, use of medications for dyslipidemia; 3) High Density Lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) < 40 mg/dL (male) and <50 mg/dL (female), or use of medications for dyslipidemia; 4) systolic pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic pressure ≥ 85 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medicines; 5) fasting glycemia ≥ 110 mg/dL or previous diagnosis of diabetes. MS was dichotomized into present and absent, meeting the above criteria.
Association of occupational exposure to pesticides with overweight and abdominal obesity in family farmers in southern Brazil
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Roberta Andressa Line Araújo, Cleber Cremonese, Ramison Santos, Camila Piccoli, Gabriela Carvalho, Carmen Freire, Raquel Canuto
Prevalences were 59% for overweight and 50.8% for abdominal obesity. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of overweight between sexes. The prevalence of overweight was statistically significant with increasing age. Conversely, there was a statistically significant higher prevalence of abdominal obesity in women (78.7%) than in men (33.3%), as well as in older (72.5%) and married (59.6%) participants. Regarding food consumption, a higher intake of lipids and carbohydrates was also statistically associated with abdominal obesity (Table 1).