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Designing for Mid-Torso Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Two terms that are important when discussing the mid-torso are waist circumference (WC) and waistline. Waist circumference, sometimes called waist girth, is the measurement taken around the body at a specific mid-torso location. The product waistline refers to the feature of the product that encircles the body and relates to the WC and its location in the mid-torso. The product waistline can be described as an aesthetic design element or as a functional feature for locating the product on the body. The product waistline placement in the mid-torso affects the length and width of the upper torso and/or lower torso product components that attach to the product waistline. Both aesthetic and functional approaches depend on knowing the body WC measurement and location.
Role of Analytics in IoT
Published in Ambikapathy, R. Shobana, Logavani, Dharmasa, Reinvention of Health Applications with IoT, 2022
S. Manikandan, K. Gowrishankar, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti
To classify the person into a category, the first step is to know the range of values, normal and abnormal, for both BMI and WHR. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the normal ranges for BMI are shown Table 6.1. The waist circumference is the better indication of risk due to obesity when compared to BMI, because it directly measures the visceral fat in the abdomen region, which could be a better identification of risk of serious health conditions. The normal ranges of WHR given by the WHO are shown in Tables 6.1 and 6.2.
The joint associations of physical activity and TV viewing time with COVID-19 mortality: An analysis of UK Biobank
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2022
Malik Hamrouni, Matthew J Roberts, Nicolette C Bishop
Based on attenuation of the effect estimates after adjusting for BMI and waist circumference, the findings herein suggest adiposity partly explains the higher risk of COVID-19 mortality associated with physical inactivity and a high TV viewing time. Adipose tissue has been suggested to be a key reservoir for viral replication, leukocyte activation and recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which in turn propagates COVID-19 severity (Ryan & Caplice, 2020). For a low physical activity level in particular, we found that adjusting for waist circumference led to a greater degree of attenuation than BMI in the risk of COVID-19 mortality. Waist circumference is routinely used as a proxy measure for visceral fat, which is known to drive metabolic dysregulation and systemic inflammation to a greater extent than subcutaneous fat (Hotamisligil, 2006). Taking together the fact that these are key determinants of COVID-19 severity and that higher physical activity levels preferentially reduce visceral fat (Whitaker et al., 2017), this may explain why waist circumference explained the risk associated with a low physical activity level to a greater extent than BMI.
Bi-directional prospective associations between sedentary time, physical activity and adiposity in 10-year old Norwegian children
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Turid Skrede, Eivind Aadland, Sigmund Alfred Anderssen, Geir Kåre Resaland, Ulf Ekelund
Body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using an electronic scale (SECA 899, SECA GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a portable altimeter (SECA 217, SECA GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). Body mass index (kg/m2) was calculated and children were categorized as being of normal weight, overweight, or obese according to age-adjusted thresholds (Cole et al., 2000). Waist circumference was measured with an ergonomic circumference measuring tape (SECA 201, SECA GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). Two measurements were taken between the lowest rib and the iliac crest with the abdomen relaxed at the end of a gentle expiration. If the two results differed by >1 cm, new measurements were taken until the two results were ≤1 cm apart. The mean of the two nearest measurements was recorded and used in analyses.
Short term effects of a weight loss and healthy lifestyle programme for overweight and obese men delivered by German football clubs
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2020
Benjamin Pietsch, Burkhard Weisser, Reiner Hanewinkel, Cindy Gray, Kate Hunt, Sally Wyke, Matthis Morgenstern
All measurements and questionnaire administration were conducted by the FFIT coaches who had been trained to a standard measurement protocol. In addition, to quality assure data collection, all measurement sessions were supervised by members of the research teams. Men who were not able to take part in the official measurement session were asked to attend at a subsequent time that was convenient to them. The primary outcomes were objectively-measured weight and waist circumference. Secondary outcomes were BMI, body fat percentage, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Weight and body fat percentage were recorded with an electronic scale (Omron BCM BF 511) with men wearing light clothes and having removed their shoes and anything in their pockets. Waist circumference was measured with an ordinary tape measure about 5 cm above the navel. Blood pressure assessments were conducted in a separate room for a more relaxed atmosphere and nobody to talk to. Men were asked to sit down and relax for at least one minute before measurement. Height was measured without shoes. All self-reported data were obtained using a short questionnaire that participants filled out in between the objective measurements.