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Cardiovascular and Related Complications of Diabetes
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The primary endpoint, prevalence of chronic kidney disease of any grade (1 to 5) or albuminuria, was 68.6%; 16.2% of the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.72 m2, and they were classified as having chronic kidney disease grade 3 to 5. Concerning renal damage, albuminuria was present in 24.3% of the patients, with microalbuminuria in 17.1% and macroalbuminuria in 7.2%.
Physical activity and kidney function in health and disease
Published in Roy J. Shephard, Physical Activity and the Abdominal Viscera, 2017
At rest, urinary protein excretion averaged over a 24-hour period is less than 80 mg/L, and values >100 mg/L are suggestive of a renal pathology.[89] Alternative definitions of abnormality are a total urinary protein loss >150 mg/day[90] or >100 mg/day[91] and/or an albumin loss >30 mg/day.[91] It is important to draw a clinical distinction between microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria is a normal phenomenon in those who engage in prolonged and vigorous physical activity. It is characterized by a protein loss in the range 30–300 mg/day, with a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio of >3.5mg/mmol in women and >2.5mg/mmol in men. Hohwü-Christensen and Högberg[92] found a post-exercise proteinuria in almost all top Swedish cross-country skiers (Table 4.2), and Gardner[84] found protein in 45% of urine specimens collected from 47 football players. Others have described proteinuria following participation in various sports with the magnitude of protein loss being proportional to the intensity of effort.[59, 94, 98–101] Gardner[84] coined the term “athletic pseudonephritis” for his findings, since the red cell and broad granular casts he observed in the urinary sediment had previously been considered (erroneously) as a sign of renal disease; these findings disappeared quickly after completion of the athletic season[84] and he thus reasoned they had little clinical significance.
Albuminuria: A New Target for Therapy? Treat the Kidney to Protect the Heart
Published in Meguid El Nahas, Kidney Diseases in the Developing World and Ethnic Minorities, 2005
Dick de Zeeuw, Meguid El Nahas
The initial and usually mild dysfunction of the kidney is called stage I or stage II chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to the US National Kidney Foundation (NKF) K/DOQI guidelines (1). This is evidenced by a more than normal loss of proteins in the urine, particularly albumin, and/ or a decreased glomerular filtration rate. An abnormal urinary loss of albumin is called microalbuminuria when it ranges between 30 and 300 mg/day (20–200 mg/min), when higher it is called macroalbuminuria or proteinuria.
Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: risk reduction and early intervention
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Debbie Hinnen, Davida Kruger, Melissa Magwire
Two recent meta-analyses analyzed the effects of all GLP-1RAs on CV outcomes compared with placebo/CV SoC [17,18]. In these analyses, which each included 56,004 patients, the combined effect of GLP-1RAs (including medications with and without US Food and Drug Administration indication for the reduction of MACE: lixisenatide, liraglutide, subcutaneous semaglutide, exenatide once weekly, albiglutide, dulaglutide, and oral semaglutide) was found to be beneficial on kidney outcomes, hospitalization for heart failure, and CV and all-cause mortality. The risk of MACE was reduced by 12–13% and there was a 9–17% risk reduction for all-cause mortality, kidney outcomes, and hospitalization for heart failure (Table 2). The incidence of macroalbuminuria was also reduced without affecting the progression of diabetic renal disease [17,18]. Furthermore, Kristensen et al. reported that there was no increase in risk of severe hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, or pancreatic cancer versus placebo [17].
Urinary IgG, serum CX3CL1 and miRNA-152-3p: as predictors of nephropathy in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2022
Aml E Abdou, Haneya A.A. Anani, Hanan F. Ibrahim, Eman Elshohat Ebrahem, Nora Seliem, Eman M.I. Youssef, Niveen M. Ghoraba, Asmaa S. Hassan, Marwa A. A. Ramadan, Eman Mahmoud, Shorouk Issa, Hend M. Maghraby, Eman K. Abdelrahman, Hala Ali Mohammed Hassan
There was a statistically insignificant difference detected between serum level of miRNA- 152-3P in the diabetic group with microalbuminuria versus DN group macroalbuminuria. Our results agreed with Bijkerk et al., who reported statistically insignificant difference between level of serum mi-RNA 152–3P in type 1 diabetes with good renal function and DN.28 In addition, Nasser et al., who found insignificant difference in the serum mi-RNA level which could be detected between the diabetics with nephropathy and without nephropathy.27 In contrast to our findings, Roux et al. (2018) found that plasma expression of miRNA-152-3p was significantly different in T2DM patients without nephropathy compared to diabetic nephropathy patients, and that miRNA is correlated with the risk of DN in patients with T2DM.29 This result is in disagreement with the Chen et al., who showed the expression of miR‑152 was significantly decreased in patients with T2D compared with the control group. This could be explained by high frequency of patients with macroalbuminuria. As a result, it could be argued that miRNA 152–3p was not a promising marker for DN as its expression insignificant different between the DN and DM groups although the level increased in the both diabetes groups compared to controls.
Assessment of cystatin C in pediatric sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia as a marker of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction: a case-control study
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2021
Diana Hanna, Mohamed Beshir, Naglaa Khalifa, Eman Baz, Ahmed Elhewala
Complete blood count was performed using Sysmex XT-1800i (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), midstream urine sample of 5 mL was obtained, centrifuged within 1 h of sampling using Cobas Integra 800 (Roche Diagnostics) and was used for estimating albumin/creatinine ratio according to the guidelines of the national kidney foundation.19 Nephropathy was defined as microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria assessed by urinary albumin excretion in at least 2 of 3 consecutive urine samples. Microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria was defined if UACR = 30 to 299 mg/g creatinine or 300 mg/g creatinine, respectively.20 The levels of cystatin C were measured by the use of double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) technology. [Shanghai Sunredbio (SRB) Technology Co., Ltd, China.]