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The Concept of Biocompatibility
Published in Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari, Advances in Nanopathology From Vaccines to Food, 2021
Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari
On the other side, biodegradability can be a very useful property. In fact, surgical sutures are the oldest example, so that, once they have done their job, removal is no longer needed as they 'disappear'. It is the case of the so-called catgut suture (although cats have nothing to do with it). Connective tissue is taken from the small intestine of sheep, cattle, horses or pigs, after having undergone a chemical treatment, and now synthetic materials are used for internal sutures which have the peculiarity to be absorbed in a time longer than that it takes to the wound to heal.
The advent of anaesthesia and antisepsis
Published in Harold Ellis, Sala Abdalla, A History of Surgery, 2018
Lister believed that bacteria-free ligatures might be left safely within the wound, and in 1867, he tied the carotid artery of a horse with a piece of silk soaked in carbolic acid. The ends of the ligature were cut short and the wound closed. First intention healing took place, and at autopsy, the silk was found to be unchanged and embedded in fibrous tissue. Following this, Lister ligated the external iliac artery in a 51-year-old woman with an aneurysm of the femoral artery. Again, he used silk soaked in carbolic acid, and the operation was successful. He still worried that, even without suppuration, the unabsorbed silk might cause irritation later, and so he turned to catgut prepared from sheep’s intestines as a more suitable agent. During the Christmas of 1886, he carried out his classical experiment on a calf, tying the carotid artery with catgut sterilised in carbolic acid. The operation was a complete success; when the wound was explored a month later, the original catgut had been entirely replaced. For the rest of his life, Lister remained interested in the best means of sterilising catgut, and some of his original tubes can be seen to this day in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in London.
Wound care
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Catgut (actually sheep intestine) is a good temporary suture but is not available in all localities due in part to BSE concerns (Japan, Europe). The sutures were withdrawn in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong.
Endophthalmitis with retained intraocular foreign body after catgut embedding at periocular acupoints
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Xuebin Zhou, Han Chen, Jinling Fu, Lingxian Xu, Chen Chen, Guanfang Su, Chenguang Wang
IOFBs occasionally cause persistent inflammation. Sychev et al.5 reported three cases of occult non-metallic IOFBs associated with intraocular inflammation and poor response to steroid therapy. Historically, catgut has been used as an absorbable suture in surgery. However, Awan6 reported that catgut sutures caused recurrent conjunctival inflammation and iritis in a case of cataract extraction. Dellaporta and Yukins7 also reported a case of mild inflammatory reaction caused by the catgut after segmental scleral buckling, which promoted the formation of a contiguous area of chorioretinal adhesions. It is extremely rare for catgut to enter the eye; to our knowledge, such cases have not been reported to date. Ultimately, the severe inflammatory response in the current case may have been largely induced by the inflammatory reaction to the catgut in the sterile intraocular region.
Perineal skin tear repair following vaginal birth; skin adhesive versus conventional suture – a randomised controlled trial
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Rima Anggrena Dasrilsyah, Aida Kalok, Beng Kwang Ng, Anizah Ali, Kah Teik Chew, Pei Shan Lim
A previous study showed that non-suturing of first- and second-degree tear is associated with poor wound healing at 6 weeks post-partum (Fleming et al. 2003). There is also an increased risk of wound gaping when skin is left unsutured in second-degree tear and episiotomy repair (Frohlich and Kettle 2015). The optimal method for episiotomy and perineal trauma repair following childbirth remains open to discussion (Bowen and Selinger 2002). The repair procedure should be quick, painless, and easy to perform and preferably will not increase pain and dyspareunia during the puerperium (Mota et al. 2009). The material used for repair ideally should not require removal and should allow maximum elasticity to the wound with a minimal foreign body effect (Bowen and Selinger 2002). Systematic reviews showed that when compared to cat gut sutures, absorbable synthetic sutures are less likely to result in perineal pain, dyspareunia and wound dehiscence (Frohlich and Kettle 2015).
Gynura procumbens ethanol extract improves vascular dysfunction by suppressing inflammation in postmenopausal rats fed a high-fat diet
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Khuzaidatul Azidah Ahmad Nazri, Qodriyah Haji Mohd Saad, Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi, Fhataheya Buang, Ibrahim Jantan, Zakiah Jubri
Briefly, the rats were fasted for 2–3 h without restricting water intake. They were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection (ketamine at 80 mg/kg and xylazine at 10 mg/kg) based on 0.1 mL per 100 g of body weight. The rats were examined on several parameters to avoid excessive depression of cardiac and respiratory functions or insufficient anaesthesia. The body temperature of the rats was also monitored using a rectal thermometer. Physiological stress experienced by the animal could induce hypothermia and would prolong the recovery period, potentially causing fatality. Then, the ventral part of the abdominal region was shaved and swabbed with ethanol. A transverse peritoneal incision of approximately 1 cm was made through the abdominal skin with a surgical blade. The fallopian tubes were clamped to prevent over-bleeding before both ovaries were identified and removed. A sterile braided suture was performed around the sectioned area in two layers with 4/0 absorbable catgut suture (inner skin) and 4/0 nonabsorbable silk suture (outer skin). Iodine was sprayed on the stitched area followed by post-operative antibiotic (Baytril® 5%) intramuscular injection for one week to prevent infection. Similar procedures were applied to sham animals without removing the ovaries. All rats were left to recuperate for one week and then re-grouped into their home cages before commencing the treatment. The success of the ovariectomy procedure was verified by oestrous cycle assessment, by examining and evaluating the appearance of the vulva at different stages of oestrous cycle (Ajayi and Akhigbe 2020).