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Sleep Science
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Glenn S. Brassington, Glenn T. Brassington
Further, falling asleep is not the major problem reported by most people, as many people are routinely experiencing sleep debt due to curtailing sleep to engage in other priorities. The more common problem is nighttime awakenings and not entering into the deeper stages of restful sleep. Nighttime awakenings often occur as the sleep debt is paid back during the night and the sleep drive diminished. This lack of sleep drive may make it possible for internal (e.g., worries) or external factors (noises) to wake the patient.
Promoting comfort and sleep
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Napping after 15.00 will reduce sleep debt and interfere with night-time sleep. Large meals should be eaten several hours before bedtime, although a carbohydrate snack or malted milk drink, half an hour before bedtime, may promote the release of tryptophan, which is a precursor to increasing melatonin levels. Exercise needs to cease, to allow the body to cool down, 5 h before bedtime, if it is vigorous, and 1 to 2 h for gentle exercise, such as walking (Bartlett and Ambrogetti 2005). Warm baths should be taken at least an hour before bedtime for the same reason. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol all affect sleep and should be avoided before bedtime as should other stimulants (Sharine et al. 2020) (Table 8.3).
Smith-Magenis Syndrome—A Developmental Disorder with Circadian Dysfunction
Published in Merlin G. Butler, F. John Meaney, Genetics of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Ann C.M. Smith, Wallace C. Duncan
Sleep disturbance is the single greatest correlate of maladaptive behaviors in SMS (11). Individuals with SMS face an increased sleep debt due to disrupted sleep patterns and diminished total sleep. Frequent and prolonged nighttime arousals (>15min) occur in 75% of cases. Insufficient night sleep translates into significant sleep debt during the day, a finding that is confirmed by MSLT studies (17,71) and actigraphy (55). Snoring and labored breathing at night were found to correlate with aggressive and acting out behaviors and attention problems (11). Awakening with bad dreams is often associated with acting out behavior, aggression, and anxiety/depression (11).
Possible effects of uberization on the quality of sleep of professional drivers
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Vinnycius Nunes de Oliveira, Thalles Guilarducci Costa, Marilia Santos Andrade, Rodrigo Luiz Vancini, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle, Fernanda Veruska Narciso, João Paulo Pereira Rosa, Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
The major side effects associated with poor sleep and sleep debt are cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, brain stroke, arterial hypertension, cognitive function impairment, mineral bone health impairment, mental health impairment, as well as lapses of attention and risk of accidents (Chaput et al. 2020; Grandner et al. 2010; Narciso et al. 2016). Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that a significant number of Uber drivers can present health problems related to reduced sleep and are also more susceptible to traffic accidents. In a meta-analysis, Gallicchio and Kalesan (2009) found a pooled relative risk for all causes of mortality for short sleepers being 10% higher than regular sleepers. For this reason, sleep deprivation is considered a public health burden, increasing the risk of mental and physical diseases (Connor et al. 2002; Dolezal et al. 2017). Besides that, sleep deprivation is associated with sleepiness and traffic accidents (Connor et al. 2002). Falling asleep at the wheel caused 7% to 30% of the vehicle accidents in the European Union, Asia, Australia, Africa, the United States of America, and Brazil (Gonçalves et al. 2015; Narciso and de Mello 2017).
Sleep is something, not nothing: an interprofessional approach to sleep assessment and treatment to support substance use recovery
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2023
Jennifer Gardner, Margaret Swarbrick, Robert H. Kitzinger
According to Tester and Foss (2018), sleep can be defined as a state of altered consciousness during which the body rests and restores itself. Tester and Foss further explain how sleep influences mood, behaviors, and energy levels while also being essential for participation in valued daily activities. Daily activities can be defined as the meaningful necessary or desired activities in which an individual engages that supports overall health and wellness (AOTA, 2020). The American Sleep Association (2022) outlines the recommended amount of sleep for the various age groups across the lifespan. Among adults aged 25 years to 90 years, the recommendation is seven to nine hours of sleep. When an adult does not engage in the proper amount of sleep over a period of time, sleep debt occurs, which is defined as the difference between the amount of sleep an individual needs and the amount they actually get (American Sleep Association, 2022; Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2022). Over time, as sleep debt increases, an individual’s brain and body functions begin to deteriorate, which then directly affects one’s level of participation and productivity (CDC, 2022). Sleep debt can be attributed to lifestyle choices, medical conditions, environmental factors and/or a combination of various factors.
Daytime Workers with Longer Daily Rest Periods Have Smaller Sleep Debt and Social Jetlag: A Cross-Sectional Web Survey
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2021
Hiroki Ikeda, Tomohide Kubo, Takeshi Sasaki, Xinxin Liu, Tomoaki Matsuo, Rina So, Shun Matsumoto, Masaya Takahashi
Moreover, it was recently reported that the relationship between both workday and non-workday sleep duration and timing was associated with several negative effects. Previous studies reported that sleep debt – the discrepancy in sleep duration between workdays and non-workdays (or preferred sleep duration) – is associated with adverse effects, ranging from sleepiness (Kim & Young, 2005) to myocardial infarction (Hu et al., 2018). In addition, some studies have reported an association between recovery from sleep debt and beneficial metabolic effects (improvements in fasting insulin sensitivity; Leproult et al., 2015), as well as glycometabolic and stress-related hormones, such as glucose, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol (Kitamura et al., 2016). Previous studies have also reported that a discrepancy in sleep timing (midpoint between bedtime and wake-up time) between workdays and non-workdays (social jetlag; Wittmann, Dinich, Merrow, & Roenneberg, 2006) can lead to adverse effects. Beauvalet et al. (2017) systematically reviewed the literature on social jetlag and found that, although there was high methodological heterogeneity among the included studies, social jetlag was associated with a variety of health and behavioral outcomes such as cognitive impairment, cardiometabolic risk, and minor psychiatric symptoms. Among the workers, social jetlag was reported to be associated with sick leave (Lang et al., 2018) and poor work ability (Yong et al., 2016).