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Circadian Rhythm
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Circadian rhythms regulate the physiological processes of almost every human. Persistent disturbance of the circadian clock in shift work or throughout persistent jet lag in animal models directs the body to a greater risk of developing many pathologies. A number of these diseases in both animals and shift workers share the typical risk factors of stress, sleep deprivation and inflammation which are identified to modify the immune functions and have strong effects. Following non-traditional routines of work has been associated with enhanced risks of lymphatic (Lahti et al., 2008), breast (Schernhammer et al., 2006), colorectal (Schernhammer et al., 2003) and prostate (Conlon et al., 2007; Kubo et al., 2006) carcinomas, and additionally with stroke (Karlsson et al., 2005), stomach ulcers (Drake et al., 2004; Segawa et al., 1987), myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (Haupt et al., 2008; Karlsson et al., 2005; Tenkanen et al., 1998; Tüchsen et al., 2006), obesity (Karlsson et al., 2001) and diabetes (Karlsson et al., 2005; Morikawa et al., 2005). The mechanisms for these associations amid pathological conditions and exposure to shift work are not known, though it is noteworthy to observe that one typical risk factor among most of these aforementioned pathological conditions is inflammation. Shift work is a complicated lifestyle routine that, to some extent, includes sleep disruption, psychological stress, modified phase of entertainment angle and circadian disturbance.
Sleep–Wake Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Margaret Kay-Stacey, Eunice Torres-Rivera, Phyllis C. Zee
SWD is a result of a misalignment between an individual's internal circadian timing of sleep and wake with their required work schedules. Patients present with symptoms of insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both. Shift work can be broadly defined as work occurring outside of the time of a typical day shift, and may include early morning work schedules. Although shift work is common in modern society, it should be noted that not all shift workers suffer from SWD. Susceptibility to SWD likely depends on factors such as circadian chronotype, ability to recover sleep, social and family support, and comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders. There is substantial evidence that shift work increases the risk for cardiometabolic, stroke, mood disorders, and cancer.
Human Rhythms
Published in Sue Binkley, Biological Clocks, 2020
How dangerous is shift work for the health of a shift worker? I can’t tell you that. I will say that I have heard the rumblings of lawsuits about shift work connected illness. If I were an employer, I would be very cautious about imposing shift work schedules. Both employers and employees owe it to themselves to educate themselves about shift work and what it means for their biological clocks.
The effect of shift work on different hematological parameters among healthcare workers
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Piumika Sooriyaarachchi, Ranil Jayawardena, Toby Pavey, Neil A. King
Shift work is known to increase the risk for a number of acute and chronic health problems including cancer (Ijaz et al. 2013), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Vyas et al. 2012), metabolic syndrome (Sooriyaarachchi et al. 2022), diabetes (Knutsson and Kempe 2014), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Costas et al. 2016). The normal sleep-wake cycle is forcefully disrupted by shift work, resulting in insufficient sleep and excessive fatigue (Sallinen and Kecklund 2010). There is strong evidence that lack of sleep can have negative effects on metabolism and the immune system (Irwin 2015). Born et al. discovered that individuals with sleep deprivation had higher levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, leucocyte, red blood cells, platelet counts, monocytes, natural killer cells, and subgroups of lymphocytes (Born et al. 1997).
An evaluation of morningness and schedule misfit using the revised Preferences Scale (PS-6): Implications for work and health outcomes among healthcare workers
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Janet L. Barnes-Farrell, Rick A. Laguerre, Lee V. Di Milia
Shift work, broadly defined as hours of employment that fall outside of the standard day schedule of 09:00–17:00 h during the week (Costa 2003), has been a topic of interest for chronobiologists, occupational health psychologists, ergonomists, and policy-makers for some time. Nearly 18% of the U.S. workforce consists of shift workers, and the most common shift worked is 14:00–00:00 h (McMenamin 2007). Many of the problems surrounding the health and well-being of shift workers stem from a disturbance of the circadian rhythm as a result of working at night (Berger and Hobbs 2006; Costa 1996). Measures of circadian typology (Ctypo) have been crucial to quantifying the impact of shift work. Measurement of Ctypo variables may be performed through objective and/or subjective methods. Wrist actigraphy and melatonin secretion are valid objective methods, but it is important to note that the relationship between melatonin onset (a reliable circadian phase marker) and chronotype can be suppressed with artificial light (Lewy et al. 1980; Zeitzer et al. 2000). Thus, depending on the population, chronotype may or may not reflect a circadian phase, highlighting the fact that objective methods have their limitations.
Network structure of insomnia symptoms in shift workers compared to non-shift workers
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Eun Jung Cha, Young Rong Bang, Hong Jun Jeon, In-Young Yoon
One factor that is often discussed to be strongly associated with insomnia is shift work (Vallieres et al. 2014). Shift work is defined as any type of work with work hours outside the traditional 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (McMenamin 2007). Shift work is essential in jobs that require a 24-hour service, such as healthcare. However, shift work disrupts circadian rhythm, which poses many risks and vulnerabilities to various health problems, including insomnia (Drake et al. 2004; Vallieres et al. 2014). One study reported prevalence of insomnia symptoms in nurses working shift rotations to be around 28.9% to 40.7% (Flo et al. 2012). Commonly associated insomnia symptoms of shift workers include difficulty in initiating sleep, nocturnal awakening, daytime sleepiness, and poor overall sleep quality (Cheng and Cheng 2017; Ohayon et al. 2002; Yong et al. 2017). In addition, insomnia in shift workers is attributed to be a major cause of work-related accidents (Ohayon and Hong 2002), which can be critical in healthcare settings. Factors that affect insomnia symptoms in shift workers were reported to be off-hours between work shifts (Eldevik et al. 2013), anxiety levels (Leyva-Vela et al. 2018), gender, and circadian type (Flo et al. 2012; Jeon et al. 2017). Other factors that were more prevalent in shift workers include stress and anxiety (Kim et al. 2019). Insomnia symptoms in shift workers also exacerbate existing physical and mental problems, such as chronic pain, anxiety, and depression (Vallieres et al. 2014).