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Surgical conditions
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
Inflammation of the glans (balano) and foreskin (posthitis) – self-limiting. Rarely, severe cases may result in urinary retention but most resolve in a few days with bathing. Systemic or topical antibiotics and antifungals are non-contributory.
Urethra and Penis
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Later in life, chronic posthitis may lead to adhesions between the prepuce and the glans and closure of the orifice of the preputial sac. Preputial calculi result from the accumulation beneath a non-retractable foreskin of inspissated smegma, urinary salts or both.
Genital
Published in A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll, Paediatric Symptom Sorter, 2017
A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll
Swelling of the penis, often with inflammation and pain, may occur in association with nappy rash or forceful attempt to retract the foreskin. Other common causes are balanitis (inflammation of the glans) and posthitis (inflammation of the prepuce). Balano-posthitis refers to inflammation of both sites. Priapism, a non-erotic, persistent unwanted erection, is a relatively frequent complication in children with sickle-cell anaemia (SCA). Trauma is another important cause of priapism, which may be high-flow due to an arterio-venous shunt or low-flow when there is obstruction to the venous outflow. The oedema of nephrotic syndrome (NS) or Henöch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) accumulates in dependent sites and often causes penile swelling. It is easy to differentiate balanitis from oedema: the later lacks redness and other inflammatory signs. Practically all cases of penile swelling require immediate medical attention.
Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and other sexually transmitted infections causing urethritis among high-risk heterosexual male patients in Estonia
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2018
Stanislav Tjagur, Reet Mändar, Margus Punab
During the recent years more attention is paid to Mycoplasma genitalium infection along with well-known classical STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis. This is a small slowly growing facultatively intracellular bacterium lacking a cell wall around its cell membrane and having the smallest genome (∼580 kb) for a self-replicating organism. Transmission of M. genitalium occurs by genital–genital or penile–anal contact, less likely by oral–genital contact [4–6]. The prevalence of M. genitalium infection in global population is estimated 1–4% in men and 1–6.4% in women being even more prevalent in the STI testing centres (4–38%) [7]. In men, M. genitalium is associated with urethritis, balanitis and posthitis but its carriage can be asymptomatic. It may also contribute to couple infertility and increased HIV infection risk [4,7–9]. Testing for M. genitalium is currently not routinely done in most of countries, so disease is usually diagnosed syndromically, for example non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis. Furthermore, high prevalence of macrolide-resistant strains and frequent treatment failures indicate suboptimal infection management [10–13].