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Circumcision, meatotomy, meatoplasty, and preputioplasty
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Rachel Harwood, Simon E. Kenny
Most circumcisions are performed for non-medical reasons, namely religious beliefs or cultural practice. Jewish boys are circumcised on the eighth day of life, and Muslim boys are usually circumcised during childhood. Most of these religious circumcisions are performed in community settings. Additionally, many boys are circumcised in the neonatal period, particularly in the United States for cultural reasons.
The Reproductive System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Externally, the penis consists of the body or shaft, which terminates in the glans penis, a cap-like extension of the corpus spongiosum. The word glans is from the Latin for "acorn," so the term is often used for any rounded mass or gland-like structure (for example, glans clitoridis is the erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris). The glans penis is molded into an expanded rim called the corona (from the Greek for "crown," as in coronary). The prepuce or foreskin, a fold of skin between the corona and shaft of the penis, folds forward over the glans unless removed by the surgical procedure known as circumcision.
Ritual male circumcision and the manifestation of religious belief in English medical law
Published in Clayton Ó Néill, Religion, Medicine and the Law, 2018
Circumcision is defined as surgery that involves the removal, or partial removal of foreskin covering the glands of the penis being removed. Recognition is given to the importance of circumcision as a manifestation of religious belief or identity and a person with capacity can legally be circumcised in accordance with ritual procedures that are in line with specific healthcare standards. A minor must not be circumcised until he has capacity to make such a decision and has voluntarily consented to the procedure that he understands fully, due to the information that has been disclosed and comprehended. Legal capacity shall be determined in light of the new test summarised above (see chapter 5 for more detail) and the wishes of such a patient with legal capacity shall not be overruled by parents/guardians or the courts. However, anyone who carries out a circumcision or assists in the procedure when a child is regarded as lacking capacity shall be liable to prosecution. Circumcision for therapeutic contexts is permissible where procedures are carried out in accordance with good practice medical guidelines. Failure to comply with the terms of the Act will result in such consequences as deemed appropriate by the relevant authorities.
Post-circumcision penile skin loss: reporting the outcome of one-stage anterolateral scrotal based flaps in children
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2023
Abdelqawey Yousef, Salah Nagla, Mohamed Fathy, Mohamed Negm
The penile skin is a unique form of skin because it accommodates penile erections and sexual frictions. Moreover, the normality of external genitalia is important for male self-esteem [1]. Circumcision is still practiced by non-experienced persons, especially in underdeveloped countries [2,3]. Many complications may occur after circumcision, including different degrees of penile skin loss. These complications occur due to improper surgical planning and undiagnosed penile anomalies, especially buried and webbed penis [4,5]. Penile skin loss after circumcision mandates a substitution, whether with a graft or flaps. Many authors have reported their results with split and full-thickness skin grafts, while others have used one- or two-stage skin flaps [6–8]. In the literature, few studies have reported using scrotal skin flaps for compensation for penile skin loss after circumcision in a pediatric population. This study presents our experience in modified one-stage bilateral anterolateral scrotal-based skin flaps to compensate for penile skin loss after circumcision in children.
The Effectiveness of Jet (Needle-Free) Injector to Provide Anesthesia in Child Circumcision under Local Anesthesia
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Circumcision is often applied for religious and traditional reasons, and sometimes because of health problems. Almost all of the men in our country are circumcised and most of the circumcisions are performed under local anesthesia. Since circumcisions are mostly done for religious reasons, families want the child to be aware that it is circumcised. For this reason, preschool period is often preferred as an age for circumcision. Circumcisions performed during this period when the child discovers his sexual identity can lead to negativities in terms of psychosexual development. The needle used for injection of local anesthetic significantly increases anxiety of children. Although topical anesthetic creams are used to reduce children's anxiety, needle anxiety has not been resolved. In a study, Tadio et al. reported that 63% of children in the USA are afraid of needles [10].
Penile Sparing Techniques For Penile Cancer
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2020
Malignant penile lesions include basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, sarcomas, adenocarcinoma, and metastatic lesions; however, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histologic subtype and is the focus of this review. Penile cancers are predominantly distal with 58% of penile cancer cases occurring on the glans, 16% on the foreskin, 9% on both the glans and foreskin, 2% on the shaft, 1% on the glans and shaft with the remaining 13% at unspecified sites [9]. Several risk factors have been associated with penile cancer. Newborn circumcision is associated with an estimated 22-fold reduction in the lifetime development of penile cancer [10]. Interestingly, adult circumcision does not offer the same prophylactic benefits [11]. Circumcision is thought to eliminate the closed glanular environment that leads to chronic inflammatory states including phimosis, balanitis, and smegma retention. Inflammatory conditions and carcinogenic exposures including lichen sclerosis/balanitis xerotica obliterans, penile trauma, psoralen UV-A photochemotherapy, and tobacco use are recognized as significant risk factors to the development of penile cancer [12,13]. HPV has garnered increased attention due to its role in the development of other malignancies. While there are several HPV subtypes, serotypes 16 and 18 are associated with a higher risk of malignancy [14]. HPV is associated with 22–66% of all penile cancers with the basaloid and warty subtypes showing the highest association [15,16]