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Ultrasonography of the Bovine Reproductive System: Ultrasound Management of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Giovanni Gnemmi, Juan Carlos Gardón, Cristina Maraboli
Hematocele is an accumulation of blood between the leaves of the vaginal tunic. To the ultrasound initially it appears anechogenic, with diverse echogenic points (red blood cells). At an advanced stage, hyper-echogenicity will appear. The cause may be testicular trauma or torsion of the testicles. In the case of bacterial contamination of unhydrocele or hematocele, a piocele may develop, which echographically resembles a snowstorm: an anechoic background with a series of echogenic points (Gnemmi, 2007; Gnemmi and Lefebvre, 2009, 2010).
Sonography in Male Infertility
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Over 60% of the normal population have a small amount of fluid within the scrotal neck. After blunt testicular trauma, the isolated rupture of the parietal tunica vaginalis can cause intrascrotal bleeding. Sonographically, the normal testis is surrounded by a fresh hematocele. The place of rupture is detectable by a sonography (Figure 27).
The Reproductive System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The most common intrinsic mass within the scrotum is hydrocele (hydro- = water; -cede = hernia), a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of normal fluid within the tunica vaginalis testis (the peritoneal covering of the testis) resulting from inflammation or reduced resorption. Hematocele is an accumulation of blood in the tunica vaginalis. Spermatocele (also called spermatic cyst), unlike hydrocele and hematocele, occurs in the epididymis, not the tunica vaginalis, and it contains sperm; an epididymis cyst also occurs in the epididymis, but it differs from a spermatic cyst in that it contains clear fluid rather than sperm.
MRI image features and differential diagnoses of Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Jinlong Zhang, Shengfang Xu, Lei Yang, Yue Songhong
The preoperative MRI findings of the patients in this study were consistent with the clinical diagnosis after surgery, and the diagnostic coincidence rate of preoperative MRI examination for HWSS was 19/19 (100%). Among them, 16 cases were vaginal oblique septum type I (Figure 1), and 3 cases were vaginal oblique septum type II (Figures 2 and 3). The MRI showed a double uterus and a double cervix combined with renal agenesis on the affected side. The images showed a vagina connected to the cervix on the affected side with a hematocele and dilatation. T1WI showed high signal intensity and T2WI showed low or mixed signal intensity. The uterine cavity was enlarged, and there were no obvious abnormalities in the contralateral uterus. A partial low-signal diaphragm shadow was seen in the upper and middle vaginal segments, but not in the lower segments (Figure 1 and 2). MRI coronal view of 19 patients clearly showed ipsilateral renal absence with obstruction, including 5 cases on the left and 14 cases on the right. All patients were diagnosed with HWSS by preoperative MRI. Other pelvic complications: 1 case with cervical dysplasia and right kidney and ureter absence, 3 cases of merger right ovarian endometriosis cyst, 1 case of merger of uterine adenomyosis, 1 case of luteinized follicular cyst of the right ovary, 1 case with fallopian tubes and pelvic abscess, 1 case of merger right ovarian hematomas, confirmed in postoperative pathologic results. In this study, there were 3 cases with mild increase of CA199 by laboratory examination and then returned to normal according to the postoperative follow-up report.
The management of unusual uterine rupture: new aspects
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Milan Pavlović, Damir Zudenigo, Mario Kerner, Mislav Mikuš, Luka Matak
Uterine compression sutures are cornerstone in the atonic uterine bleeding management (Pechtor et al. 2010). In this case, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a great alternative to the well-known uterine compressive suture techniques, such as B-Lynch, Cho-square, Hwu and Hayman sutures, among others (Jiang and Yang 2019). In patients with previous uterotomy (e.g. prior caesarean section), involvement of the uterine cervix and lower uterine segment was significantly higher than in patients with an unscarred uterus (Ofir et al. 2004). Consequently, combined Hwu and Hayman suturing procedures in this particular uterine area might compromise blood discharge from the uterus. Therefore, a massive postpartum haemorrhage and subsequent uterine atony may occur, the incision has to be reopened, and a traditional B-Lynch procedure should be performed in order to prevent possible haematocele and haemoperitoneum formation and even rupture of fallopian tube (Jiang and Yang 2019). Other surgical procedures, such as B-Lynch and Cho-square compressive sutures alone or combined, may implicate both short and long-term complications (Joshi and Shrivastava 2004; Treloar et al. 2006; Akoury and Sherman 2008; Reyftmann et al. 2009). The above mentioned suture techniques are necessary after a primary uterine rupture closure in order to prevent uterine atony occurrence. That requires more foreign material which can compromise wound healing. Moreover, using separate techniques to manage uterine rupture and to prevent uterine atony extends total operative time and increases total intraoperative blood loss. This particular technique by Vujić has a two-sided advantage in terms of management of uterine rupture and subsequent uterine atony in the same act, without incision reopening requirements. Other advantages include feasibility and a lesser extent of uterine manipulation (Vujić et al. 2019).
Chronic tubal ectopic pregnancy following clinically successful methotrexate treatment for an acute ectopic: a review of the literature
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Lorraine Sheena Kasaven, Abhijeet Shah, Sadoon Sadoon
Episodes of vaginal bleeding are not uncommon with CEP. The largest retrospective review to-date, by Clark et al. reported an incidence of 77% (Di Spiezio Sardo et al. 2004). This is related to the acute recurrent leakage of bleeding into an existing pelvic haematocele. The presence of blood clots and disrupted tissues also accounts for pelvic pain. An incidence of 86% was reported by Cole et al. (Di Spiezio Sardo et al. 2004). Bedi first described the duration of pain lasting between one and eight weeks (Bedi et al. 1984).