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Natural family planning methods: fertility awareness
Published in Suzanne Everett, Handbook of Contraception and Sexual Health, 2020
The UKMEC advises that there is limited evidence but expert opinion advises that women who wish to use fertility awareness as contraception should stop hormonal contraception and have an established menstrual cycle (a minimum of three months) before relying on the fertility awareness as a method of contraception (FSRH, 2015a). It is also advised that women who are taking teratogenic drugs or who have a significant health risk avoid using fertility awareness as a method of contraception (FSRH, 2015a). This should be discussed with the woman and all medical teams involved so that a management plan can be formulated.
Termination and Contraceptive Options for the Cardiac Patient
Published in Afshan B. Hameed, Diana S. Wolfe, Cardio-Obstetrics, 2020
Fertility awareness−based methods of contraception are based on avoiding intercourse on the fertile days of a woman's cycle [36]. These methods have a 24% pregnancy rate in the first year with typical use [17].
Contraception Across the Reproductive Life-Course
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Fertility awareness methods, based on fertility signs and/or the days of the menstrual cycle, require dedication and vigilance as well as the cooperation of a partner, due to the many days in the cycle when unprotected sex is not permitted. Their effectiveness varies from 75% to 99% (Trussell, 2011), but some methods have not been well researched (Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 2015a). The role of smartphone technology needs further investigation, and women who choose fertility awareness methods should seek out coaching and mentoring to optimise their effectiveness.
Hormonal and natural contraceptives: a review on efficacy and risks of different methods for an informed choice
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Andrea R. Genazzani, Tiziana Fidecicchi, Domenico Arduini, Andrea Giannini, Tommaso Simoncini
FABM of family planning are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) [11]: Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning involve identification of the fertile days of the menstrual cycle, whether by observing fertility signs such as cervical secretions and basal body temperature, or by monitoring cycle days. Fertility awareness-based methods can be used in combination with abstinence or barrier methods during the fertile time. [11] The calendar (or rhythm) method is the earliest form of contraception. It is based on past cycle lengths and calculates the estimated fertile days of the menstrual cycle. Obviously, given the high biological variability in the length of the menstrual cycle, particularly in some periods of a woman’s life, this method is the least effective and is usually overcome [12]. Another early approach was the basal body temperature method: it is based on the observation that the basal body temperature rises slightly after ovulation; therefore, intercourses are possible if the basal body temperature, measured on waking and before any activity, is elevated above baseline (i.e. the temperature of the first day of the menstrual cycle) for three consecutive days. This prolonged rise means that ovulation has already occurred [12]. More precise FABMs have since been formulated, namely the Billing ovulation method and the symptothermal method.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward exercises among women visiting an infertility clinic: A cross-sectional study
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Shashwathi Gundimi, Bhamini Krishna Rao, Ajay Bailey, Pratap Kumar, Vipin Nair, Kiransha R. Velingkar, Preetha Ramachandra
The major causes of infertility perceived by our participants were stress, weight gain, lifestyle changes, irregular menstruation, low sperm count, and fibroids/tube blocks. Katole and Saoji (2019) identified association between primary infertility and various sociodemographic, physiological, and psychological factors in urban population of central India. Factors such as obesity, delayed menarche, irregular menstruation, depression and stress showed significant association with primary infertility in their study. In the current study, only 6.6% of participants considered lack of awareness about fertile period in menstrual cycle as a cause of infertility. Mahey et al. (2018) used survey methods to find the fertility awareness and knowledge among women with infertility reported that 85% of their participants missed to report the fertile window in menstrual cycle.
Young men’s perceptions and attitudes towards two fertility awareness interventions and preferences for future initiatives
Published in Human Fertility, 2023
Cecilie Nexmann Larsen, Louise Mortensen, Randi Sylvest, Lone Schmidt, Emily Koert
But the crucial issue remains – how can men be targeted between high school and before experiencing fertility problems? Or as Bodin et al. (2018) aptly summarized the implications for future practice and research if fertility awareness is to be used as a prevention tool: ‘how can we make reproductive health [fertility] feel relevant to them [men] before they start having trouble conceiving?’ (p. 262). Prior research has shown that young men believed that a fertility campaign was not effective because it was not relevant for their stage of life – they were not trying to become a parent; and they also did not worry about experiencing infertility in the future (Berthelsen et al., 2021). They believed that they would be more open to receiving, or to seeking targeted information when they were closer to having a child. Other studies have underscored the need for relevant information both among women and men at particular life stages (Boivin et al., 2018; Bodin et al., 2021; Sylvest, Koert, Vittrup, et al., 2018; Vassard et al., 2016). Thus, understanding and creating relevance needs to be explored in further studies.