China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Managing Adult Overweight and Obesity in Primary Care
Published in Ruth Chambers, Paula Stather, Tackling Obesity and Overweight Matters in Health and Social Care, 2022
Evidence suggests that enhanced fitness from a person spending more time on moderate-vigorous physical activity reduces the risk of health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and some cancers that are associated with a high BMI and high percentage of body fat. In the UK Biobank cohort, men and women who described their usual walking pace as ‘brisk’ had a much lower seven-year all-cause mortality risk and higher estimated ten-year survival compared to adults who described their usual walking pace as ‘slow’.9,10 So this underpins the rationale for shifting the focus from ‘weight-loss’ to increasing people’s physical activity and associated cardio-respiratory fitness … and thus greater reductions in mortality risks. For some people, maintaining a physically active lifestyle may be more feasible in the long term than sustaining weight loss. This does not mean that weight loss should be categorically discouraged, more that shifting the focus away from weight loss as being the primary goal to fitness via increased regular physical activity (short or long bouts of exercise depending on someone’s preferred exercise types) may be an option for some people in managing their obesity in a pragmatic way that suits them better.
Dementia
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Kelly J. Freeman, D. Nicole Paddock, Cristina H. Davis
The Exercise is Medicine (EIM) movement, a global health initiative founded by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Medical Association (AMA), makes physical activity assessment and promotion a standard of care in clinical practice.24 This initiative includes recommendations for healthcare providers to incorporate physical activity assessment and refer patients for evidence-based exercise regimens as part of their treatment plan in the prevention and treatment of a multitude of medical conditions, including cognitive impairment. Further research with randomized controlled trials is needed concerning exercise and the impact on the development of dementia. However, it is generally recommended to maintain an active lifestyle with physical activities to include aerobic and strength training exercises occurring on most days of the week to protect against the development of dementia and other chronic diseases.24 In accordance with the EIM movement, providers can promote physical activity as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for patients by prescribing an exercise program according to the FITT guidelines, including specific frequency, intensity, time, and type to meet individual patient needs, abilities, and overall goals.25
Spinal Cord Injury and Sport
Published in Adam Gledhill, Dale Forsdyke, The Psychology of Sports Injury, 2021
Despite the health and well-being benefits gained from regular physical activity, people with SCI are among the most inactive in society (Martin Ginis et al., 2010). This lack of activity is the result of multiple barriers constraining a physically active lifestyle (Williams et al., 2014). To address these barriers, physical activity participation and promotion is a key consideration within SCI research and practice (Martin Ginis et al., 2018; Williams et al., 2018a). This focus is in line with the ongoing and expanding global health initiative known as ‘Exercise is Medicine’ (EiM). The EiM movement is committed to the belief that promoting physical activity is integral for the prevention, management and treatment of a variety of clinical health issues and diseases (Lobelo et al., 2014; Sallis, 2015). In SCI populations, the EiM movement has been conceptualized as a cultural narrative telling a story of improved health and well-being through engagement in SCI (Papathomas et al., 2015), and the preferred narrative within rehabilitation and community contexts (Williams et al., 2018a). Yet within physical activity research, a more critical approach to physical activity promotion by health and exercise professionals and practitioners has been called for (Williams et al., 2014; Williams et al., 2018b).
Home-based exergaming training effects for two individuals with spinal cord injury: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Maziah Mat Rosly, Hadi Mat Rosly
This report has shown that exergaming was a feasible home-based exercise training program for these two individuals with SCI. The training program resulted in more than two-fold improvement in aerobic capacity (peak VO2) following 12–18 weeks of training, with a large degree of effect size (g = 2.7) seen between baseline and postintervention comparisons. The increments in peak VO2 indicated that home-based exergaming training has the potential to improve aerobic capacity, but the findings are limited to these two individuals and an aerobic exercise that generally only involved upper body movements. Although the physical activity levels largely increased overall as compared to their baseline measures, the highest activity category was seen in the amount of exercise (Figures 4 and 5, Factor 2), and overtime showed that it also influenced overall activities of daily living. This suggests that the participants rigorously trained to improve their performance measure, which eventually motivated them to lead a more active lifestyle, noted by their higher physical activity levels by the end of their intervention period.
Unravelling perceived fatigue and activity pacing in maintaining a physically active lifestyle after stroke rehabilitation: a longitudinal cohort study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Bregje L. Seves, Trynke Hoekstra, Femke Hoekstra, Florentina J. Hettinga, Rienk Dekker, Lucas H. V. van der Woude
However, it is still unclear which advice on the management of fatigue (e.g., activity pacing) reduces fatigue and enhances physical activity during and after stroke rehabilitation. Firstly, qualitative research on fatigue and activity pacing in the context of a physically active lifestyle could improve our knowledge of these constructs. Also, to improve our understanding on activity pacing in people after stroke, it is recommended to use objectively measured activity pacing (by using accelerometers) to determine how people divide their physical activities during the day, like in previous studies on people with rheumatoid arthritis [79] and in people with osteoarthritis [80,81]. Thereafter, more research is needed focusing on the development of treatments aiming to reduce perceived fatigue levels and to enhance physical activity after rehabilitation.
Does baseline leisure-time physical activity level predict future depressive symptoms or physical activity among depressive patients? Findings from a Finnish five-year cohort study
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Ilkka Raatikainen, Pekka Mäntyselkä, Ari Heinonen, Mauno Vanhala, Hannu Kautiainen, Hannu Koponen, Katariina Korniloff
The benefits of physical activity for the treatment and prevention of depression are well known. Engaging in physical exercise or having a physically active lifestyle can reduce depressive symptoms (DS) and also reduces the risk of developing depression [1–3]. In their Cochrane review, Cooney et al. [4] concluded that physical exercise may have at least a moderate-sized effect for reducing DS and that physical exercise may be as effective as psychological therapies or medications. Similarly, Mammen and Faulkner [5] stated in their review that any physical activity level, including low levels, such as walking, may prevent future depression. In turn, Ringen et al. [6] found in their recent study that among inpatients with severe mental illness, low levels of physical activity were significantly associated with more severe depression.