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Health Disparities
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran, Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Samuel Byiringiro, Diana-Lyn Baptiste
Engaging in healthy lifestyle behaviors improves health and longevity. Conversely, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, such as poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, poor sleep, and alcohol intake, contribute to poor health, increased morbidity, and mortality. Disparities in health-promoting behaviors exist by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and region (Saint Onge & Krueger, 2017). Based on national US data, persons who are Black and Hispanic are less likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors (high levels of physical activity, healthy diet, adequate sleep, low levels of heavy drinking, and smoking) compared to persons who are White (Saint Onge & Krueger, 2017; Morris et al., 2018). Similarly, persons who live in the Western part of the US are more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors than persons in the South, and persons who are in midlife are more likely to engage in healthier behaviors than persons who are younger or older (Saint Onge & Krueger, 2017). Men are also less likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors compared to women (Morris et al., 2018; Saint Onge & Krueger, 2017).
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
In the field of sociology, lifestyle is a mode of living chosen by an individual, a society, or a nation, and is shaped by its economic, geographical, political, cultural, and religious context (3). Lifestyle reflects the characteristics of individuals or inhabitants of a region in a particular time and place. It includes day-to-day behaviors and functions of individuals in jobs, activities, fun, and diet (3). An individual can, in the form of different practices, express him- or herself through their choice of lifestyle (4). Lifestyle may also include opinions of an individual or a group of individuals regarding the environment, philosophy, religion, health, politics, and so on. In brief, lifestyle is the manner of living, being, and thinking of a person or a society. Examples include the lifestyles of city-dwellers and villagers, of rich and poor countries, of religious believers and non-believers, and so on.
Communication: a person-centred approach
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Recognising that you are struggling is key to your being able to do something about it. There are numerous strategies for us to employ to improve our mental well-being; self-care thus becomes essential to our health. At work, talking to colleagues (debriefing) can be supportive, especially following a particularly stressful situation, seeking counselling from Occupational Health or the GP may help. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important, for example, sleeping well, eating healthily, keeping hydrated, exercising, continuing with interests/hobbies and talking to friends and family. For some practising mindfulness or meditation or connecting with nature, going for a walk in the local park/woods will help improve their well-being. These things can be very personal, but part of self-care is knowing what helps you and when you need to employ them.
Almond intake during pregnancy in rats improved the cognitive performance of adult male offspring
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Zahra Bahaeddin, Fariba Khodagholi, Forough Foolad, Fatemeh Emadi, Fatemeh Alijaniha, Shima Zareh Shahamati, Romina Tavassoli Yousef Abadi, Mohsen Naseri
In recent years, nutraceuticals have received much attention due to their immune, nutritional, and therapeutic effects to promote health and prevent disease [29]. On the other hand, diet is one of the most important factors related to lifestyle in determining the health status and predisposing children to several diseases. Various studies have pointed out the positive and negative long-term effects of prenatal diet on adolescents’ and adulthood health status [30–32]. Also, the impact of maternal diet on the permanent changes of offspring’s CNS has been evidenced [33]. However, the effect of maternal dietary supplementation with nuts as a rich source of vitamins, minerals, fibers, nutrients, and non-nutrients in offspring has not been well studied. We have observed that almond consumption during pregnancy has long-term effects on adult male offspring and causes molecular changes. Almonds are composed of several ingredients including macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), phytochemicals, and essential oils [34]. Almonds are a rich source of amino acids like tryptophan [35], vitamins and minerals including a variety of B and E vitamins [36], and polyphenols and phytosterols [37]. Interestingly, studies have shown that all active compounds of almonds can cross the placenta and affect the development of fetus organs [38].
Support for the basic psychological needs and satisfaction with health and quality of life in college students with disabilities
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Amber O’Shea, Kyesha Isadore, Angélica Galván
Health among college students in general remains a paramount concern. Research shows that approximately 80.3% of college students with disabilities do not meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations of 150 min/week moderate physical activity, 72.2% do not meet the recommendation of 75 min/week of vigorous physical activity, and about 63.1% of students with disabilities do not meet either recommendation.26 Additionally, research has shown that students with multiple disabilities, students with chronic illnesses, students with acquired disabilities, older students with disabilities, women with disabilities, and obese students with disabilities are less active than their peers with other types of disabilities.26 Healthy lifestyle behaviors can include regularly exercising and maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in activities to maintain positive mental health, and limiting risky behaviors such as drug and alcohol use.27 For individuals with disabilities, issues related to health and quality of life can be particularly important to understand and address. Adults with disabilities aged 18–64 have been shown to be less active than adults without disabilities, with 47.1% of adults with disabilities being inactive compared to 26.1% of adults without disabilities.28 Low physical activity can lead to various additional challenges for people with disabilities such as increasing the possibility of acquiring secondary conditions, lower quality of life, and limiting functional independence.29,30
The circadian preferences in the context of sociodemographic indicators and lifestyle
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Denisa Manková, Jan Novák, Petr Sedlak, Eva Andrlíková (Farkova)
Differences between morning and evening types can also be founded on lifestyle and health. There are significant differences in the consumption of legal substances (alcohol, coffee, nicotine, caffeinated beverages) and illegal drugs between people with extreme M/E preferences. Evening types reported higher consumption of both (Danielsson et al. 2019; Wittmann et al. 2006). This overuse could be explained as an attempt to cope with social jet lag (SJL). SJL is a discrepancy between biological time, determined by our internal body clock, and social times, mainly dictated by social obligations such as school or work (Caliandro et al. 2021). Given current social factors and pressures, evening types are thought to use stimulants first to help them cope with sleep deprivation and its associated effects. However, it should be borne in mind that substance use (especially addiction) is a complex process and is influenced by many other variables, not just circadian preferences and related genes (Adan et al. 2012). An unhealthy lifestyle is associated with increasing obesity, unhealthy diets, hypertension, cardiovascular risk, and other civilization disorders (Didikoglu et al. 2019; Mazri et al. 2020). Moreover, evening types have more frequent mental disorders and more sleeping problems (Merikanto et al. 2016; Patterson et al. 2016).