China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Thromboembolic disease
Published in Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Handbook of Obstetric Medicine, 2020
Transthoracic echocardiogram may aid in diagnosis, though this is not a very sensitive test. Large PE may be associated with a number of abnormal echo findings, including Right ventricular dilationAbnormal septal motionLoss of right ventricular contractilityElevated pulmonary artery or right ventricular pressuresModerate-to-severe tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitationOccasionally visualization of clot in the right ventricle or pulmonary artery
The standard transthoracic echo study
Published in Andrew R. Houghton, MAKING SENSE of Echocardiography, 2013
The BSE has produced a guidance document, entitled A Standard Transthoracic Echocardiogram, which provides a framework for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echo study. This document forms the basis of the approach outlined in this chapter, and identifies minimum requirements and recommendations (in terms of views and measurements).
Clinical, radiologic, and physiologic features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with and without emphysema
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Chenfei Li, Yan Wang, Qi Liu, Hai Zhang, Fei Xu, Zhenyun Gao, Xiaohui Wang, Guangyu Tao, Yuqing Chen, Wenwen Rong, Hong Yu, Feng Li
PFT of each patient was performed using a body-plethysmograph (MasterScreen Body/Diff, Jaeger, Hoechberg, Germany). The following measurements of vital capacity (VC), FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), TLC, diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and alveolar ventilation (VA) were expressed in percent predicted (%pred). In addition, Tiffeneau-Pinelli index was expressed as FEV1/FVC% and the CO transfer coefficient (KCO) was expressed as DLCO/VA ratio. CPI was used to quantitatively describe the overall lung function state of the subject [13], by using the formula: CPI = 91-(0.65 CPI) = 91-(0.63× DLCO%pred) - (0.53× FVC%pred) + (0.34× FEV1%pred). GAP scoring system, generated through an online GAP calculator using gender, age, FVC (%pred) and DLCO (%pred), was used to stage disease severity [14], with stage I, score 0–3; stage II, score 4–5; and stage III, score 6–8. Transthoracic echocardiogram was performed using a Doppler echocardiogram (EPIQ7C, Philips, USA). The tricuspid regurgitation velocity was used to estimate the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP). sPAP at 37–50 mmHg was defined as possible PH and sPAP > 50 mmHg was defined as likely PH [15].
Nonpenetrating trauma resulting in hemopericardium presenting as syncope
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Cardiac trauma may be easily overlooked in the presence of other thoracic injuries. However, chest pain, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, pericardial friction rub, or new cardiac murmur should prompt cardiac evaluation.1,4 An electrocardiogram should be performed on all suspected cardiac injuries, as abnormal findings can signify considerable cardiac injury.1,4 Cardiac troponin levels can be useful to risk-stratify individuals with elevated troponin levels, an indicator of the need for hospitalization in the setting of suspected cardiac injury.1,4 Transthoracic echocardiogram is the primary screening tool, as it is noninvasive and can evaluate cardiac structures and proximal aortic injuries.1,4 Thoracic computed tomography is also a useful diagnostic imaging tool as it can assess the entire thoracic cavity and is the preferred imaging study in hemodynamically stable patients.1
Successful treatment of Cogan’s syndrome with tocilizumab
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2021
N Kougkas, G Bertsias, R Stratoudaki, N Avgoustidis
Herein, we report the case of a 25-year-old male who presented with scleritis in the right eye, and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss accompanied by tinnitus, vertigo, and dizziness. He had no episodes of chondritis, or oral ulcers. Laboratory tests were remarkable only for elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (ESR of 43 mm/h; CRP of 17 mg/L). The panel for infectious agents, including rapid plasma reagin, was negative, as were anti-nuclear and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Imaging studies including chest and abdominal computed tomography scans were unremarkable. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed no abnormalities. Based on the above findings, the diagnosis of atypical CS was made. The patient was initially treated with intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone (1 g/day for 3 consecutive days), followed by oral prednisone at a starting dose of 0.5 mg/kg in combination with subcutaneous methotrexate 25 mg/week as a steroid-sparing agent.