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A Study of Facial Growth in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated by the Oslo CLP Team
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
The skeletal and soft tissue features were characterised by a short and retrusive maxilla, vertical elongation of the anterior face, and a retrusive mandible. Posterior face height was reduced and cranial base angulation was slightly increased, as was interocular distance. The pattern of growth differed from non-cleft individuals, with almost no increase in length of the maxilla between 5 and 18 years of age. A marked and progressive reduction in maxillary prominence (S-N-SS) of 5.4 degrees was observed in the pooled UCLP patients which compares with an expected increase of 3.3 degrees in the non-cleft data. Mandibular retrusion was observed in the sample with an increase of only 3.8 degrees in mandibular prominence (S-N-PG), when compared with the 6.2 degree increase from pooled Bolton standards. The facial soft tissue profile differed from non-cleft individuals with nasal growth in a more backward and downward direction, a receded upper lip, and a progressively straighter profile. Further analysis of the surgical effects on facial growth failed to reveal any differences between the surgical groups and surgical variation during the 25-year period. The cephalometric outcomes are compared with outcomes from other centres and were found to be similar. Shortcomings of the previous reports in the literature in addition to those within the present study are acknowledged.
Clefts and craniofacial
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Cephalometry is the measurement of the human head by imaging (Broadbent, 1931) and is used to evaluate dentofacial properties and clarify the anatomic basis for problems such as malocclusion. For example, if there is significant maxillary retrusion, then formal orthognathics are indicated rather than genioplasty.
The Surgical Management of Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Bhik Kotecha, Mohamed Reda Elbadawey
Although not routinely utilized, imaging can be useful under certain circumstances. For example, in patients being considered for radical surgery like maxillo--mandibular advancement, cephalometry provides vital information about upper airway dimensions.17 Disadvantages of this kind of imaging include the fact that it can only be performed whilst the patient is awake, the exposure to radiation and the cost. It only provides two--dimensional information and may also not be widely available. More detailed and sophisticated data can be obtained by using computed tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allowing objective volumetric dimensions of the upper airway to be calculated.18, 19 These are both expensive, and CT scans also involve radiation. The MRI scans are very useful in evaluating the soft tissue aspect of the upper airway. Using these routinely during sleep would not be cost-effective or practical.
A three-dimensional soft tissue analysis of Class III malocclusion: a case-controlled cross-sectional study
Published in Journal of Orthodontics, 2018
Ama Johal, Amrit Chaggar, Li Fong Zou
The craniofacial diversity and unpredictable growth pattern make Class III malocclusion one of the most difficult facial deformities to be managed by the clinician (Guyer et al. 1986). In order to achieve an accurate diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan for individuals with a developing Class III malocclusion, knowledge of the craniofacial growth pattern is important (Chang et al. 2006). Within orthodontics, the lateral cephalometry continues to be used reliably to aid diagnosis and treatment planning, providing a measure of the skeletal and dental relationships (Bruks et al. 1998). However, increasingly there is an acknowledgement that information on the soft tissue changes is needed for a reasonable expectation in terms of long-term stability and aesthetics following treatment (Baccetti et al. 2007). Most soft tissue analyses used in orthodontics are based on two-dimensional (2D) observations from standard lateral cephalometry, with inherent disadvantages and limitations in relation to evaluating the facial soft tissues (Nanda et al. 1990). Furthermore, clinicians recognise the importance of assessing and understanding the three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial complex.
A comparison of self-esteem and social appearance anxiety levels of individuals with different types of malocclusions
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Ezgi Atik, Mehmet Mert Önde, Silvi Domnori, Saliha Tutar, Okan Can Yiğit
The sample was selected from the patients who underwent skeletal and dental evaluations with lateral cephalometric films for diagnostic purposes before starting the orthodontic treatment. The type of patients’ malocclusion was classified according to both lateral cephalometric variables (SNA°, SNB°, ANB° and overjet amount) and Angle’s classification of molar relationship. Besides cephalometric evaluations, the crowding amounts of the maxillary and mandibular arches were calculated from the models obtained from the patients for diagnostic purposes using Hayes-Nance crowding analysis. The patients were assigned to one of the three groups according to their malocclusion types.
Dentists’ use of digital radiographic techniques: Part II – extraoral radiography: a questionnaire study of Swedish dentists
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Björn Svenson, Katri Ståhlnacke, Reet Karlsson, Anna Fält
Since the introduction of digital radiography in dentistry in the late 1980s [1], digital imaging techniques have been used in a growing number of dental practices, for both intraoral and extraoral radiography [2]. Digital extraoral radiographic techniques within the dental field have evolved since the 2000s, and there are mainly three modalities used for extraoral radiography: panoramic radiography (PAN), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and cephalometric radiography. The cephalometric technique will not be addressed in this study. Current work is part 2 of the survey: ‘Dentists’ use of digital radiographic techniques. Part 1 has previously been published [3].